to it his well-known question ; Lysander sought to obtain from it a sanction for his ambitious views ; the Athenians frequently appealed to its authority during the Peloponne- sian war. But the most frequent votaries were the neigh bouring tribes of the Acarnanians and JEtolians, together with the Boeotians, who claimed a special connection with
the district.Dodona is not unfrequently mentioned by ancient writers. Homer speaks of it twice, once calling it the stormy abode of Selli who sleep on the ground and wash not their feet, and on the second occasion describing a visit of Odysseus to the oracle. Hesiod has left us a com plete description of the Dodonsea or Hellopia, which he calls a district full of corn fields, of herds and flocks and of shepherds, where is built on an extremity (CTT* e<raTifi) Dodona, where Zeus dwells in the stem of an oak (</>?7yo?). Herodotus tells a story which he learned at Egyptian Thebes, that the oracle of Dodona was founded by an Egyptian priestess who was carried away by the Phoenicians, but says that the local legend substitutes for this priestess a black dove, a substitution in which he tries to find a rational meaning. From later writers we l3arn that in historical times there was worshipped, together with Zeus, an Asiatic goddess under the name Dione, and thencefor ward the responses were given by the priestesses of the latter, who were called doves, and not by the Selli.
As to the site of Dodona there has been a good deal of discussion. We know from the authorities that the town was situated in a fertile vale at the foot of the mountain Tomarus, whence issued a multitude of springs, and that it was on the eastern boundary of Epirus, and on the confines of Thesprotia and Molossis. We are further told that Dodona was a two days journey from Ambracia, and a journey of four days from Buthrotum. It would also appear certain that it was in a region of frequent thunder storms. In accordance with these indications, Colonel Leake fixed on Castritza near Janina in Epirus, at the foot of the mountain Mitzikeli, as the site of Dodona. But his reasons are not conclusive. Quite recently excavations have been undertaken at a spot in the valley of Dramisius, a few leagues south of Castritza, at the foot of Mount Olytzika, where Leake found the remains of a theatre and of two temples. This has usually been supposed to be the site of Passaron, the ancient capital of the Molossian kings. But these excavations have brought to light not only many antiquities, but tablets ex voto bearing dedicatory inscrip tions to Zeus Nai os and Dione, and many fragments of tripods, whence it would seem highly probable that the opinion of Leake must be given up, and the new site definitely fixed upon as that of Dodona. (See Leake, Northern Greece, vols. i. iv.; Revue Archeologique for 1877, pp. 329, 397.)
The temple of Dodona was destroyed by the Ætolians in 219 B.C., but the oracle survived to the times of Pausanias and even of the emperor Julian.
DODSLEY, Robert (1703-1761), an eminent book seller and versatile writer, born in 1703 at Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, where his father is said to have been a schoolmaster. In his youth he was apprenticed to a stocking-weaver, from whom he ran away, taking service as a footman. His first poetical attempts seem to have been made when he was a servant in the family of the Hon. Mrs Lowther, and were published by subscription under the title of The Muse in, Livery, or the Footman s Miscellany (1732). This was followed by an elegant little satirical farce called The Toyshop, the hint of which is said to have been taken from Randolph s Muse s Looking-glass, and which, having obtained the approbation of Pope, was acted at Coven t Garden with great success. The profits accruing from the sale of these two publications enabled him to establish himself as bookseller in Pall-Mall ; and his merit and enterprising spirit soon made him one of the foremost publishers of the day. One of the first copyrights he published was that of Johnson s London, for which he gave ten guineas in 1738, and he was afterwards the leader of the association of booksellers that famished Johnson with funds for the preparation of his English Dictionary. In 1737 a new piece of his own, entitled The King and the Miller of Mansfield, was received with undiminished applause. His immediately subsequent farces, however, were not so popular. In 1738 he published a collection of his dramatic works in one volume 8vo, under the modest title of Trifles, which was followed by the Triumph of Peace, a masque, occasioned by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, and a fragment on Public Virtue. Dodsley was also the author of the Economy of Human Life, a work which acquired considerable celebrity ; but for this it is supposed he was not a little indebted to the mistaken opinion which long prevailed that it was the production of Lord Chesterfield. The name of Dodsley is from this period associated with much of the literature of his time. Among other things he projected The Annual Register, com menced in 1758, The Museum, The World, and The Preceptor. To these various works Horace Walpole, Akenside, Soame Jenyns, Lord Lyttelton,Lord Chesterfield, Edmund Burke, and others were contributors. His own latest production was a tragedy entitled Cleone, which was received with even greater enthusiasm than his earlier works. It had a long run at Covent Garden ; two thousand copies of it were sold on the day of publication, and it passed through four editions within the year. It has long, however, ceased to be read, and apart from his fame as a publisher Dodsley is now chiefly remembered on account of his Select Collections of Old Plays (12 vols. 12mo, London, 1744 ; 2d edition, 12 vols. 8vo, 1780). He died at Durham while on a visit to a friend, 25th September 1764.
DODWELL, Edward (1767-1832), an English anti quarian writer and draughtsman of considerable note in the department of classical investigation. He belonged to the same family as Henry Dodwell the theologian, and received his education at Cambridge. Being under no necessity to adopt a profession as a means of livelihood, he devoted himself entirely to his favourite pursuits, travelled for several years from 1801 to 1806 in Greece, and spent the rest of his life for the most part in Italy, either at Naples or at Rome. An illness contracted in 1830 during a visit of exploration to the Sabine Mountains, undermined his constitution and ultimately resulted in his death, which took place at Rome in May 1832. His widow, a daughter of Count Giraud, was thirty years his junior, and after his death became famous as the " beautiful" countess of Spaur, and played a considerable role in the political life of the Papal city.
His works are A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece, 2 vols., London, 1819, of which a German translation by Sickler was published at Meiningen in 1821 ; Views in Greece, con sisting of thirty toloured plates, London, 1821 ; and Views and Descriptions of Cyclopian and Pclasgic Remains in Italy and Greece, London 1834. The last work, which contains 130 plates, was brought out simultaneously at Paris with a French text.
father had once been possessed of considerable property in Conn aught, but having lost it at the rebellion settled at York in 1648. Here Henry received his preliminary edu cation at the free school. By the death of his parents he was reduced in early life to the greatest poverty. In 1654 he was sent by his uncle to Trinity College, Dublin, of which he was soon afterwards chosen scholar
and fellow. Having conscientious objections to take