and in 1562, 1563, and 1580 it suffered a similar fate. The population, which is predominantly Jewish, amounts
to 7600.DUBUQUE, a city of the United States, capital of a county of the same name in Iowa, situated on the right bank of the Mississippi, 155 miles west of Chicago. The business portion occupies a terrace at no great height above the river, and the rest of the city is picturesquely arranged on the bluffs behind. Several of its fourteen churches, besides a so-called cathedral, are edifices of considerable pretensions; and the building erected by the United States for the custom-house, post-office, and other Government purposes is constructed of marble. The principal educational institutions are the high school and a theological seminary for German Presbyterians. As a port of delivery, a railway junction, and the centre of the lead region of Iowa, Dubuque has an extensive and varied trade, and engages in a large number of manufacturing industries; of lead alone it exports from 10,000,000 to 20,000,000 ℔ annually. The name of the city is derived from a French Canadian, who received permission from the Spanish Government to carry on mining in the vicinity, and settled on the spot in 1788. The first real settlement was in 1833; incorporation as a town was obtained in 1837, and a city charter in 1840. Population in 1850, 3108; in 1873, 22,151.
DUCANGE, Charles Dufresne, Seigneur (1610–1688), a most learned historical and philological writer, was born at Amiens, December 18, 1610. His father, who was royal provost of Beauquesne, sent him at an early age to the Jesuits College in Amiens, where he soon distinguished himself. Having completed the usual course at this seminary, he applied himself to the study of law at Orleans, and afterwards went to Paris, where he was received as advocate before the parliament in August 1631. Meeting with little success as a barrister, he returned to his native district, where he applied himself to the study of history. After the death of his father, Ducange married at Amiens, on 19th July 1638, Catherine Du Bois, daughter of a treasurer of France; and, in 1647, he purchased the office of his father-in-law, the duties of which in no degree inter fered with the great literary works in which he had engaged. The plague, which in 1668 desolated Amiens, forced him to leave that city. He established himself at Paris, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred on the 23d October 1688. In the archives of Paris he was enabled to consult charters, diplomas, titles, manuscripts, and a multitude of printed documents, which were not to be met with elsewhere. His industry was exemplary and unremitting ; and the number of his literary works would be incredible, if the originals, all written in his own hand, were not still extant. He was distinguished above nearly all the writers of his time by his linguistic acquirements, his accurate and varied knowledge, and his critical sagacity. Of his numerous published works noted below the most im portant are the Glossarium ad Scriptores mediae et infimce Latinitatis and his Glossarium ad Scriptores mediae et infimee Grcecitatis, which are indispensable aids to the student of the history and literature of the Middle Ages. To the three volumes of Ducange s Latin glossary three supplementary volumes were added by the Benedictines of St Maur (1733), and a further addition of four volumes was made by Carpentier, a Benedictine, in 1766. The edition published at Paris in that year accordingly consisted of ten volumes. The edition by G. A. L. Henschel (8 vols., Paris, 1840–46) includes those supplements and further additions by the editor.
... ... ... 1666, 4to. 3. Histoire de S. Louis, Roi de France, ecrite par Jean, sire de Joinville. Paris, 1668, folio. 4. Joannis Cinnanii Histo- riarum de rebus gestis a Joanne ct Manuele Comnenis libri VI., Gnece et La tine, cum Notis historicis et philologicis. Paris, 1670, folio. 5. Memoire sur le projet d un nouveau Recueil des Histo- riens de France, avec le plan general de ce Recueil, inserted in the Bibliotheqiie Hisiorique de la France, by Pere Lelong. 6. Glossa rium ad Scriptores media; et infima; Latinitatis. Paris, 1678, 3 vols. fol. 7. Lettre du Sieur N. , Conseiller du Roi, a son ami M. Ant. Wion d Herouval, au sujet des Libelles qui de temps en temps so publient en Flandres centre les RR. PP. Henschenius et Paps- broch, Jesuites. Paris, 1682, 4to. 8. Historia Byzantina duplici Commentario illustrate. Paris, 1680, fol. 9. Joannis Zonaraj An- nales ab exordio Mundi ad mortem Alexii Comneni, Grace et La- tine, cum Notis. Paris, 1686, 2 vols. fol. 10. Glossarium ad Scriptores mediae et infimse Grsecitatis. Paris, 2 vols. fol. 11. Chronicon Paschale a Mimdo condito ad Heraclii Tinperatoris an num vigesimum. Paris, 1689, fol. The last work was passing through the press when Ducange died ; arid, on his decease, it was edited by Baluze, and published with an eloge of the author pre fixed. 1 His autograph manuscripts, and his extensive and valuable library, passed to his eldest son, Philippe Dufresne, who died unmarried, four years after. Francois Dufresne, the second son, and two sisters, then received the succession and sold the library, when the greater part of the manuscripts was purchnsed by the Abbe Du Champs, who handed them over to a bookseller called Mariette, who re-sold part of them to Baron Hohendorf. The re maining part was acquired by D Hozier, the genealogist. But the French Government, aware of the importance of all the writings of Ducange, succeeded, after much trouble, in collecting the greater portion of these manuscripts, which were preserved in the Imperial library of Paris. Among these manuscripts was one entitled Gallia, a work of great erudition, being a history of France, divided into seven epochs, with a number of dissertations.
See Feugere s Essai sur la vie ct Irs ouvragcs de Ducange (Paris, 1852).
DUCAS, Michael, a Greek historian who flourished under Constantine XII., about 1450. The dates of his birth and death are unknown. He belonged to the illustrious family of his name that gave several emperors to Constantinople, and he is supposed to have held a high office at the court of Constantino XII. After the fall of Constantinople, he was employed in various diplomatic missions by the princes of Lesbos, where he had taken refuge. He was successful in securing a semi-independence for Lesbos until 1462, when it was taken and annexed to Turkey by Sultan Mahomet II. It is known that Ducas survived this event, but there is no record of his subsequent life. He is the author of a history beginning with the death of John Palasologus L, and extending as far as the capture of Lesbos in 1462. There is a preliminary chapter of chronology from Adam to John Palaeologus I., which is almost certainly by a later hand. Although barbarous in style, the history of Ducas is both, judicious and trustworthy, and it is the most valuable source for the close of the Greek empire. The author seems to have possessed an intimate knowledge of the Turkish language.
The editio princeps was issued by Bullialdns at Paris in 1649 with a Latin version and notes. This edition was reprinted at Venice in 1729. The work was edited by Bekker for the Bonn series of the Byzantiiie historians (Bonn, 1834). A French translation was incorporated by President Cousin in his Histoire de Constantinople (Paris, 1672). An early Italian translation, discovered by Von Ranke at Venice, is appended to the Bonn edition.
generally styled the father of French history, was born at He- Bouchard, in the province of Touraine, in May 1584. He was educated at Loudun and afterwards at Paris, where he studied under Julius Caesar Boulanger. From his earliest years he devoted himself to historical and geographical re search, and his first work, Egregiarum sen Selectarum Lectionum et Antiquitatum Liber, dedicated to Boulanger, and published in his eighteenth year, displayed grout erudi tion. He enjoyed the patronage of Cardinal Kichelieu, a native of the same district with himself, through whose influence he was appointed historiographer and geographer
to the king. He died in 1640, in consequence of having