tated by Napoleon, was found among the emperor's books at St. Helena; a "Treatise on the Invasion and Defence of England," printed at London in 1779, but suppressed, probably at the instance of government. This work, reprinted in 1798, with the biographical sketch by Mr. Drummond as a "Political and Military Rhapsody on the Invasion and Defence of Great Britain and Ireland," went through many editions.—F. E.
LLOYD, Humphrey. See Lhuyd.
LLOYD, Robert, an English poet and miscellaneous writer of some pretension, was son of the Rev. Pierson Lloyd, one of the masters of Westminster school, and was born in 1733. He received his elementary education at Westminster, whence he removed to Trinity hall, Cambridge. He proceeded B.A. in 1755 and M.A. in 1761. On quitting the university he obtained, through his father's influence, an appointment as usher at Westminster. But his literary and poetical bent had already manifested itself in metrical effusions, and he seems to have soon quitted scholastic drudgery, with a view to maintaining himself by his pen. In 1760 and 1761 he was poetical editor of the Library, a publication belonging to Dr. Kippis; and in the former year he published his best known piece, the "Actor," an essay on theatrical representation, somewhat similar in its plan to the Rosciad of his friend Churchill. Mr. Lloyd's literary efforts were not very successful, and his disappointment led him into habits of dissipation, which involved him in great difficulties. He died in the Fleet on the 15th December, 1764, aged thirty-one. His poems were collected in 1774 by Dr. Kenrick, and published in 2 vols. 8vo. His operas, of which he wrote several, have no merit, and have long been forgotten.—W. C. H.
LLOYD, William, an eminent English bishop, was born at Tilehurst in Berkshire in 1627, and was the son of a clergyman, who made him very early acquainted with the rudiments of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. In 1638 he was entered student of Oriel college, Oxford, whence he removed to Jesus college in the same university, where he became master of arts in 1646 He was ordained by Bishop Skinner of Oxford, and in 1654 was presented to the rectory of Bradfield in Berkshire by Elias Ashmole, but soon after resigned. In 1656 he returned to Oxford as governor to John Backhouse, Esq., a gentleman commoner in Wadham college, where he continued till 1659. He became master of arts at Cambridge in 1660, and prebendary of Ripon. In 1666 he was appointed king's chaplain, and in 1667 prebendary of Salisbury. In 1668 he became vicar of St. Mary's, Reading, and archdeacon of Merioneth in the church of Bangor, of which he was made dean in 1672, in which year he was chosen prebendary of St. Paul's, London In 1674 he became residentiary of Salisbury, and in 1676 vicar of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Westminster. Prior to this he had written several publications directed against popery; and in 1677 he published "Considerations touching the true way to suppress Popery," in which he advocated the toleration of some classes of Romanists, contrary to the views of the ultra-protestant party. Bishop Burnet, however, says that he took care of his parish "with an application and diligence beyond any about him; to whom he was an example, or rather a reproach, so few following his example. He was a holy, humble, and patient man, and ready to do good when he saw a proper opportunity; even his love of study did not divert him from that." The suspicion of his popish tendencies was increased by his promotion to the see of St. Asaph in 1680, but he afterwards gave good proof of his fidelity to the protestant cause. In 1688 he was one of the bishops committed to the Tower with Archbishop Bancroft, for refusing to publish James II.'s famous declaration for liberty of conscience. When William III. came in, he was made lord almoner. In 1692 he was translated to the see of Coventry and Lichfield, and in 1699 to Worcester, which he retained till his death in 1717. He was buried at Fladbury, near Evesham, where his son was rector, and where a monument was erected to his memory. Bishop Burnet, already quoted, says he "was a great critic in the Greek and Latin authors, but chiefly in the scriptures, of the words and phrases of which he carried the most perfect concordance in his memory, and had it the readiest about him of all men that I ever knew. He was an exact historian, and the most punctual in chronology of all our divines. He had read the most books, and with the best judgment, and had made the most copious extracts out of them, of any in this age; so that Wilkins used to say he had the most learning in ready cash of any he ever knew," &c. Burnet owed him all this, for Lloyd rendered him immense service in compiling the History of the Reformation. His separate publications are not important.—B. H. C.
LLYWARCH-HEN, was one of the Cyn-Veirdd or four primitive bards of Britain. He lived in the early part of the seventh century, and his poetry breathes the spirit of patriotism which animated the Welsh in their struggle with the Saxons for the possession of the north of England. The bard was a prince and warrior, and spared not his blood in the cause which he sung. When twenty of his sons had fallen in battle, he retired to a cell at Llanoor, near Bala, Merionethshire, where he is said to have lived to the patriarchal age of one hundred and fifty. His works, translated by William Owen, were published in 1792.—R. H.
LLYWELYN ap Gryfydd, Prince of Wales, was the son of that Gryfydd who was killed by a fall in attempting to escape from the Tower of London in 1244, where he was confined as a hostage from his brother Davydd. On the death of the latter in 1246, Llywelyn and his brother Owain were elected princes of North Wales. Owain, aiming at the sole authority, brought an army against his brother, was defeated and captured, leaving Llywelyn master of the principality from the year 1254. From 1256 to 1267 he was engaged in war with Prince Edward and the lords of the marches, a war which terminated to the disadvantage of the Welsh. Ten years later, on Edward's accession to the English throne, he invaded and subdued Wales. In 1282 the Welsh struck one more blow for independence in an insurrection which cost them the life of their last sovereign prince, who was killed in a skirmish near Buallt in Radnorshire, on the 10th December, 1282. Llywelyn left a daughter, afterwards married to Malcolm, earl of Fyfe, and an illegitimate son named Madog.—R. H.
LOBAU, George Mouton, Count de, a peer and marshal of France, was born in 1770. Having enlisted as a private soldier in 1792, he obtained rapid promotion, and was made a captain in the course of three months. He served with great eclat in the revolutionary wars, and especially at the siege of Genoa in 1800, where he was wounded and left for dead. In spite of the freedom and brusqueness of his manners, he became a great favourite with Napoleon, and was appointed by him a general of brigade in 1807. He rendered important services during the Peninsular war, and in Germany in 1809 earned his title by saving a part of the French army shut up in the island of Lobau, and accompanied Napoleon throughout his disastrous campaigns in Russia and Germany in 1812-13. On the abdication of the emperor, Mouton was appointed inspector-general of infantry by Louis XVIII., but notwithstanding he joined Napoleon on his return from Elba, was created a peer, and appointed to the command of a division and fought at Waterloo, where he was taken prisoner. He was permitted to return to France in 1818, was repeatedly appointed to important offices, and obtained a field-marshal's baton, with the rank of a peer, in 1833. He died in 1838.—J. T.
LOBB, Theophilus, a physician of considerable reputation, was born in London in 1678. He studied medicine, and having obtained a diploma from Scotland, he commenced practice in London. He is the author of several medical works, some of which have been translated into Latin and French, and have passed through several editions. He died in 1763.—W. B—d.
LOBEIRA, Vasco de, a Portuguese gentleman attached to the court of John I. of Portugal, was armed as a knight by that monarch just before the battle of Aljubarotta, and died in 1403. He is notable as the author of "Amadis de Gaula," the earliest romance of chivalry—with one doubtful exception—in the Spanish language, and pronounced to be the best of this class of works by no meaner authorities than the curate in Don Quixote and the Italian poet Tasso. The original authorship of the "Amadis" has been a subject of voluminous controversy; but it may be said to be established that the work was first written in Portuguese by Lobeira. A Portuguese manuscript is said to have existed until 1755; but the only version we now have is the Spanish one, made by Garcia Ordoñez de Montalvo, who probably took great liberties with his original. The earliest known edition is dated 1519. There have also been translations into French, English, German, Dutch, Italian, and even into Hebrew.—F. M. W.
LOBEL, Matthias de, a Flemish botanist, was born at Lisle in 1538, and died in 1616, at the age of seventy-eight. He evinced a love of plants at the age of sixteen. He studied at Montpellier, and afterwards travelled over the south of France, Switzerland, the Tyrol, and some parts of Germany and Italy
