he introduced some important ameliorations. He died in 1834, and King William IV. testified his esteem for the friend of his youth by causing him to be interred with great state, and erecting a costly monument to his memory.—G. BL.
KEBLE, John, M.A., vicar of Hursley, near Winchester; author of "The Christian Year;" born about 1800; received his later education at Oxford, where he became a member of Oriel, examiner in literis humanioribus, and in 1831 professor of poetry, an office which he retained until 1842. In 1827 he published "The Christian Year: thoughts in verse for the Sundays and holidays throughout the year." "The object of the present publication," said the author in his preliminary advertisement, "will be attained if any person find assistance from it in bringing his own thoughts and feelings into more entire unison with those recommended and exemplified in the Prayer-book." The melody of its versification, the pure graces of its diction, and the union which it displayed of a true poetic fancy with earnest devotional feeling, gave the volume a very extensive popularity. Though it appealed more directly to those members of the Church of England whose views are what is called "high," yet its beauty and the sincerity of its devout aspirations have been recognized out of the pale of the section of the reading public for which it was more specially intended. "The Christian Year" has gone through more than fifty editions. It was followed by a work displaying the same merits and peculiarities, and which had christian childhood for its theme, "Lyra Innocentium: Thoughts in verse on Christian children, their ways and their privileges." We may add, in this connection, that in 1844 some of the fruits of Mr. Keble's activity as professor of poetry at Oxford were given to the world in two volumes, entitled "De Poeticæ vi medica: Prelectiones Academicæ Oxonii habitæ annis, 1832-41," published, as they had been delivered, in Latin, Mr. Keble was one of the most eminent leaders of the movement in the Church of England which found an organ in the famous Tracts for the Times, 1834-36. Among his most notable contributions to them was his disquisition on "Primitive Traditions." With Dr. Pusey and John Henry Newman he edited the Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church anterior to the division of the East and West, translated by members of the English Church, the publication of which was commenced at Oxford in 1838. Keble also published a number of sermons and of disquisitions on theology and ecclesiastical politics. Of the former a collection was published in 1851. Mr. Keble died from the effects of paralysis on the 29th of March, 1866.—F. E.
KEBLE, Joseph, an English lawyer, son of a sergeant-at-law under Cromwell's administration, born at London in 1632; died in August, 1710. He graduated at Jesus college, Oxford, and in 1648 was made fellow of All Souls by the parliamentary visitors. He settled at Gray's inn, and was remarkable for his attendance at the court of king's bench, although not employed professionally. In 1681 he published "An Explanation of the Laws against Recusants," 8vo; "An Assistance to Justices of the Peace;" "Reports from King's Bench," 3 vols. fol.; and two essays on human nature and human action. He also left a prodigious quantity of manuscript.—P. E. D.
KEDER, Nicholas, the author of many excellent works on numismatics, was born at Stockholm in 1659. After studying for some years in Sweden he travelled over Europe, examining collections of antiquities and coins. On returning to his native country he was made archæological assessor of the chancery, and was employed by Charles XI. to arrange a cabinet of Roman medals. He was ennobled in 1719, and died in 1735.—D. W. R.
KEFERSTEIN, Christian, geologist, born at Halle in 1784. In 1815 he gave up his practice as a lawyer in order to devote himself to the study of geology, and for this purpose travelled over the greater part of Europe. He is the author of several works of great merit.—W. B—d.
* KEIGHTLEY, Thomas, author and editor, was born in Dublin in 1789, and educated at Trinity college, Dublin. One of his earliest works was his "History of the War of Independence in Greece," published in Constable's Miscellany. He also contributed to Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia, the useful manual "Outlines of History." In 1828 appeared his "Fairy Mythology," which now forms one of the volumes of Mr. Bohn's Antiquarian Library. Another of his contributions to the literature of mythology is his "Mythology of Ancient Greece and Rome," 1831 (now in a third edition), followed in 1833 by a work on "The Crusaders;" and in 1834 by an ingenious volume, "Tales and Popular Fictions—their resemblance and transmission." In 1835 and 1836 he published histories of Rome and Greece. His most important contribution, however, to historical literature is his "History of England," 1837, animated by an evident desire for strict impartiality. A German translation of it has been published, with a laudatory preface by Lappenberg. His "History of India," 1847, has also been translated into German. In 1855 Mr. Keightley published his "Account of the Life, Opinions, and Writings of Milton," the biographical section of which was compact and often original. This was intended as an introduction to his very excellent edition of the "Poems of Milton, with notes," published in 1859, and the preparation of which had occupied him for a quarter of a century. Mr. Keightley has also edited portions of Horace, Ovid, Sallust, and Virgil—in the last case, the Bucolics and Georgics, visiting Mantua to perform his task the more effectively.—F. E.
KEILL, James, brother of the celebrated mathematician, was an eminent physician of the mathematical school, born in Scotland in 1673. After studying at Edinburgh he went to Paris, where he distinguished himself as one of Duverney's pupils, and afterwards gave anatomical lectures at both the English universities. In 1698 he published for the use of his pupils, "The Anatomy of the Human Body abridged," which went through several editions. In 1703 he settled at Northampton, where he practised as a physician with great success till his death in 1719, from cancer of the mouth. In 1708 he published a physico-mathematical work, entitled "An Account of Animal Secretion, the quantity of blood in the human body," &c.; and an essay, which he afterwards added to the work, "Concerning the force of the heart in driving the blood through the body," drew him into a controversy with Dr. Jurin in the Philosophical Transactions.—G. BL.
KEILL, John, a British mathematician, was born at Edinburgh on the 1st of December, 1671, and died at Oxford on the 1st of September, 1721. He was educated at the university of Edinburgh, and studied under David Gregory. In 1694 he entered Balliol college, Oxford. He obtained in 1700 the appointment of deputy-professor of natural philosophy at Oxford, and in 1710 that of Savilian professor of astronomy; and to him is due the honour of having been the first to teach the doctrines of Newton in that university. In 1705 he became a fellow of the Royal Society. He was a firm upholder of the ancient geometry, and did much to promote the diffusion of a sound knowledge of it in Britain by his writings, and especially by an edition which he edited of Euclid's Elements. In 1708 he became engaged in a controversy concerning the respective claims of Newton and Leibnitz to the discovery of the method of fluxions or differential calculus—a discovery which is now acknowledged to have been made independently by both these philosophers in different ways. Keill supported with great vigour the claims of Newton, but he treated those of Leibnitz with injustice. He possessed great skill in deciphering secret writings, and was long employed by the government in that duty.—W. J. M. R.
KEISER, Reinhard, a musician, was born at a village in Saxe Weissenfels in 1673, and died probably at Hamburg, 12th September, 1739. His father was a musician, the composer of some meritorious church music, and from him Reinhard learned the first principles of his art. He was admitted as a boy into the choir of the Thomasschule in Leipsic, and he became a student of the university of that town. When but nineteen years of age he was appointed kapellmeister to the duke of Mecklenburg at Wolfenbüttel, and he there produced a pastoral opera called "Ismène," the great success of which encouraged him to the composition of "Basilius," a more important dramatic work, in the following year. Emulous of greater distinction than he could obtain in the small town where his engagement detained him, Keiser relinquished this in 1794 and went to Hamburg, where he reproduced his second opera at the end of the year. Its warm reception determined the destiny of the composer, who from this time, for forty years, wrote with such rapidity as has scarcely ever been paralleled. Keiser established a series of winter concerts at Hamburg in 1700, which were as famous for the distinguished company they attracted as for their rare musical interest. They were discontinued in 1702, and resumed without success in 1716. He became a partner in the management of the Hamburg opera in 1703; and it was probably his great reputation that attracted
