C. Simonau. Keller was in 1697 appointed director of the royal foundry, and inspector of the foundries at the various arsenals. He died at Paris in 1702.—J. T—e.
* KELLER, Joseph, German line engraver, was born in March, 1815, at Linz, on the Rhine, and studied in the Düsseldorf academy. Herr Keller is one of the ablest and most refined engravers of the day. He has a fine eye for colour and chiaroscuro; works with a firm yet delicate line; and employs indifferently, with great skill and freedom, the dry-point, the needle, or the burin, to produce the effect he desires to realize. He is known by various prints after Overbeck, including "The Triumph of Religion," "The Four Evangelists," &c.; also by a "Madonna," and "The Holy Women," and other engravings after Ary Scheffer; "The Trinity," after Raphael, &c.: but his masterpiece is his large plate (thirty-six inches by twenty-four) from Raphael's famous Dispute of the Sacrament, a work which cost him twelve years of labour, and which stands out among the best modern productions of the burin. Keller is professor of engraving in the Düsseldorf academy.—J. T—e.
KELLERHOVEN, Moritz, painter and engraver, was born in 1758 at Altenrath in the Herzogthberg; studied in the Düsseldorf academy and at Antwerp; and practised for a while in Vienna. In 1804, after visiting Italy, he returned to Bavaria, where he was appointed court-painter, and in 1808 professor in the academy of Munich. Kellerhoven painted several historical pictures, but he is best known as a portrait-painter. His portrait of Maximilian-Joseph in the senate house, Munich, is much admired. He painted numerous portraits of the king and different members of the royal family and other notables of Bavaria. He died in 1830. Kellerhoven engraved several of his own portraits, and some pictures by the old masters.—J. T—e.
KELLERMANN, François Christophe, Duc de Valmy, and Marshal of France, was born on the 30th May, 1735, at Strasburg, to the civic aristocracy of which his family belonged. Entering the army in 1752, he served with distinction in the Seven Years' war. The Revolution of 1789, to which he gave in his adhesion, found him a maréchal de camp. In 1790-91 he was in military command of the departments of the Haut and Bas Rhin, and early in 1792 attained the rank of lieutenant-general. It was in this year that he gained the victory on which his reputation chiefly rests. When, after the invasion of France by the Prussians, Dumouriez by a skilful movement made the forest of Argonne the basis of his defence, Kellermann was one of the generals who came to his aid. With a corps of twenty-two thousand men he moved by forced marches rapidly on Valmy to the right of Dumouriez's camp at Grand Pré, and on him fell the brunt of the Prussian attack. On the 20th of September, 1792, at four o'clock, he occupied the heights of Valmy, a strong position separated by a dale from the heights of La Lune, where the enemy, thrice as strong in numbers, was posted. The most formidable movement of the Prussians was made at eleven, when, after a previous attack, they assaulted in column, supported by artillery, Kellermann's position. Bringing into play all his reserves of artillery, Kellermann put himself at the head of his troops, waving his hat on his sword's point, and crying, "Vive la nation." The cry was echoed by his soldiers en masse. The Prussians, startled, and well plied by the French artillery, gave way, and the arrival of Bournonville with a fresh force enabled Kellermann to repel another attack made by the Prussians in the afternoon, forcing them to retreat with considerable loss. This was the battle of Valmy, fought on the day of the abolition of royalty in France, and which, saving the nascent republic from extinction by the Prussian invaders, was the precursor of the future successes of France against European coalition. On the 23rd of October, Kellermann who had followed the Prussian rear announced by three salvoes of artillery that the soil of France was freed from the presence of the invader. Kellermann, unlike Dumouriez, was a thorough republican, and he was named commander of the army of the Alps. But in that time of universal suspicion, even he was accused of lukewarmness, arrested, and stripped of his command, which, however, was restored to him. After some considerable successes against the Austro-Sardinians, he was obliged to give way, and in the spring of 1796, when Napoleon took the command of the army of the Alps, Kellermann's position was that of a subordinate. He was now employed in high military posts of inspection and organization. After the 18th Brumaire he was called to the senate, and formed one of the batch of marshals created on the establishment of the empire. When Napoleon made him Duke de Valmy, he gave him Johannisberg as an appanage. Under the empire, Kellermann's chief military duty was to command armies of reserve, and in the last years of Napoleon's reign, to organize the new levies for the field. With Elba, Kellermann gave in his adhesion to Louis XVIII. , by whom he was made a peer of France, and whom he did not betray during the Hundred Days. After the Restoration, Kellermann resumed his place in the chamber of peers—and died on the 12th of September, 1820. He was buried in Père la Chaise, but his heart, in compliance with his own request, was deposited at Valmy, among the remains of those who had fallen fighting under his command twenty-eight years before.—F. E.
KELLEY or TALBOT, Edward, the associate of Dee the celebrated astrologer and magician, was born at Worcester in 1555. He studied at Oxford, which Wood says that he quitted abruptly, and in rambling about the kingdom lost his ears at Lancaster on account of some misdemeanour. The nature of his connection with Dee, from 1581 to 1589, has been stated in the life of the latter. Ashmole says, that in the ruins of Glastonbury abbey they found a great quantity of an elixir which had the property of transmuting the baser metals into gold, notwithstanding which they seem to have been often reduced to great straits for want of money. In Bohemia, however, they lived for some time like two princes at the castle of a young Bohemian nobleman, who was their dupe; and when Dee, who was more of an enthusiast than a rogue, quarrelled with his associate and returned to England, Kelley continued to practise his impostures in Germany with considerable success. He was actually knighted by the emperor, Rodolph II., but was afterwards imprisoned by that monarch; and in attempting to make his escape by letting himself down from a window, he fell and was so severely hurt that he died soon after, in 1595. This clever impostor wrote a poem on chemistry, and on the philosopher's stone; also some papers, published by Dr. Meric Casaubon, in A True and Faithful relation of what passed for many years between Dr. John Dee and some Spirits, &c., London, 1659, folio.—G. BL.
KELLGREN, Johan Henrik, a once celebrated Swedish poet, was a native of West Gothland, and was born on the 1st of December, 1751. Having removed to the capital in 1774, he first rose to eminence as the editor of the Stockholms-Posten, a newspaper devoted to the diffusion of the French taste in literature. In its columns Kellgren ably and zealously advocated the faithful imitation of French in preference to English models. Gustavus III. showed him much favour; he made him his private secretary; and when the Swedish Academy was instituted in 1786, he appointed him one of the members. Kellgren died on the 20th of April, 1795, after a severe and protracted illness. Besides his critical writings already referred to, he was the author of lyric poetry that is still esteemed, and of several operas, the plots of which, we are informed, were suggested by Gustavus himself. They are chiefly taken from the history of the royal family of Sweden. In his later years Kellgren less closely followed French models, was a warm admirer of his gifted countryman, the poet Bellman, and translated not merely some of the Danish pieces of Wessel and Baggesen, but even German poems into Swedish. His popularity, at one time so remarkable, has now, and with justice, greatly waned. He was a man of talent rather than of genius.—J. J.
KELLISON, Matthew, an English controversial writer of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was born in Northamptonshire about 1560, and was brought up in the family of Lord Vaux. During a considerable portion of his life, however, he resided at Rheims, where he was chosen chancellor of the university in 1606. He died in 1641. His principal work is "A Survey of the New Religion," 1603.—W. C. H.
KELLY, Hugh, was born at Killarney in Ireland in 1739. His father was a gentleman; but falling into difficulties he was forced, after giving Hugh a tolerable education, to bind him to a staymaker in Dublin. When of age he went to London, where he starved, till a happy accident exhibited his genius, and procured him some friends. One of these was an attorney who gave him employment, at which he earned by his assiduity three guineas a week. But Kelly had a higher ambition, and in 1762 he took to writing for periodicals. Poetry, essays, criticism, and politics employed his pen, and enabled him to support a wife and family. Some theatrical strictures in verse on the leading
