HANSEATIC LEAGUE
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HARCOURT
lege, which is situated here, was the fourth college founded in New England, and grew out of an Indian school in Connecticut, which was moved to Hanover in 1769. It was named after Lord Dartmouth, an English benefactor. , The legislature of the state attempted to change its name to Dartmouth University and take control of it, but failed, Daniel Webster making one of his famous speeches in favor of the college. It has 118 professors, 1,229 students and a library of 110,000 volumes. New Hampshire Medical College, Chandler Scientific School and the State College of Agriculture are connected with it. Hanover also has Thayer School of Civil Engineering, Amos Tuck School of Administration and Commerce, Dartmouth Summer-School and Fayerweather School of Tanning. Population of Hanover 2,075.
Hanseatic (hanf se~-ai'ik) League or Hansa, an association of cities in the north of Germany and adjoining states, which was formed in the middle ages and flourished for several centuries. The object of the League was the mutual protection and development of trade interests. It sought to gain and hold for these cities a monopoly of trade by securing special privileges and favorable conditions from the kings and rulers of the various countries where they had established trade, and thus shut out all rivals. As the cities grew in wealth and commerical importance, the League came to have political influence and power. It supplied money to the kings of England and other countries, and in return received valuable advantages. In 1370 it compelled humiliating concessions from King Waldemar of Denmark, and after that claimed the right of controlling the choice of the sovereigns of that country. The League at one time numbered as many as 77 cities, probably more, including Bremen, Cologne, Lubeck and Hamburg. The affairs of the League were managed by deputies representing the towns belonging to the League, who met, as a rule, every year, usually at Lubeck, where the records of the Hansa were kept. The League began to lose its power in the i6th century. From 1628 onward the only cities which sought to maintain the organization were Lubeck, Hamburg and Bremen. In 1870 these cities became a part of the German empire, and in 1889 all had joined the German customs union. See Hansa Towns by Zim-mern.
Hap'good, Norman, author and critic, born in 1868 in Chicago, secured the degree of A. B. from Harvard in 1890, A. M. and LL. B. in 1893. Since graduation he has been engaged in critical and journalistic work. In 1895 ^e joined the staff of the N. Y. Evening Post, and in 1897 became dramatic critic of the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser. He has written Literary States-
men and Others, Daniel Webster and Abraham Lincoln, and is a prolific contributor to magazines. He is now editor of Colliers' Weekly.
Haps7 burg, House of, of which the reigning family of Austria are the representatives, derived its name from the castle of Habsburg in the Swiss canton of Aargau. The founder of the family was Albert, who is mentioned in the annals as Count of Hapsburg in 1153. He was appointed landgrave of upper Alsace by Emperor Frederick I. Under his son, Rudolph I, the family became one of the most powerful in Swabia. Rudolph III (Rudolph I of Austria) was elected emperor in 1273, and some representative of the family has worn the imperial crown almost continuously, either in Austria, Germany or Spain, down to the present time. See History of the House of Austria by Coxe.
Har'court, Hon. Richard, K.C., D.C.L., LL.D., son of the late Michael Harcourt, M. P., was born in Toronto, March 17, 1849, and educated at its university. He has been a member of Ontario Legislature continuously since 1878, a member of the cabinet since 1888, and late Minister of Education. He was treasurer of the Province from 1888 to 1898. His home is at Welland, Ont.
Harcourt, Sir William George Qran-ville Venables Vernon, an English statesman, was born at N u n e h am Park, Oxford, Oct. 14, 1827. He graduated with honors from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1857. He was made queen's counsel in 1866, and in 1868 entered parliament as a Liberal from the city of Oxford. In 1869 he became professor of international law at Cambridge University, retiring in 1873 to become solicitor-general under the Gladstone administration The same year he was made a knight, and during Gladstone's second administration (1880-85) was made home-secretary. He was a vigorous advocate of the Irish Home Rule measures proposed by Gladstone, which were defeated in 1893. From 1895 till his death he was a member of the house of commons, representing West Monmouthshire. On his party's return to power in 1886, he was made chancellor of the exchequer and again in 1892-95. In 1895 he became leader of the Liberals in the house of commons, resigning the leader-
SIR WILLIAM HARCOURT
