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and the influence of his writings proves the strength and the talent of the man. As a song-writer he had few equals. Toward the end of 1625 he was attacked by the palsy and afterward by dropsy. During the last three years of his life he was unable to leave his room. He died in August, 1637, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The stone above his grave bears the inscription: “O rare Ben Jonson!” See A. C. Swinburne’s Study of Ben Jonson.
Jop′lin, Mo., a city and railroad-center in Jasper County, southwestern Missouri, near Kansas and ten miles from Oklahoma. It lies 14 miles southwest of Carthage, and is intersected by five railroads. Its mining industries are considerable, for it is the center of the lead and zinc region of southwestern Missouri, which is the richest mining camp (for those ores) in the world. It has smelting furnaces, foundries, machine-shops flourmills, boilerworks, a soapfactory and whitelead works. It has banks, good schools and churches and fine public buildings. The population has grown greatly in the past decade, its present inhabitants numbering 32,073.
Jop′pa. See Jaffa.
Jor′dan, David Starr, naturalist and educator, formerly president, now chancellor of Leland Stanford University, was born at Gainesville, N. Y., Jan. 19, 1851, and graduated at Cornell university and at Indiana Medical College. From 1872 to 1879 he held chairs at various collegiate institutions, and from 1879 to 1885 was professor of zoology in and from 1885 to 1891 president of, Indiana University. He also acted as assistant to the United States fish-commission, and was United States commissioner in charge of the fur-seal investigations. In 1891 he was chosen president of the Leland Stanford University, He resigned the presidency in 1913, and was appointed chancellor. He is the author of Invertebrate Animals of the Northern United States; Fishes of Northern and Middle America; Factors of Organic Evolution; Care and Culture of Men; and numerous papers on ichthyology.
Jor′dan River, the chief river of Palestine, the bed of which forms a great valley stretching from north to south in the eastern part of the country. It is formed by the junction of three streams. The highest source is the Hasbany, which rises near the Druse town of Hasbeiya on the west side of Mt. Hermon. The Jordan flows south, and after a little over 100 miles, passing through the Waters of Merom and the Lake of Tiberias, 682 feet below the Mediterranean, it falls into the northern end of the Dead Sea, 1,292 feet below the ocean. Its banks are of white marl, at times steep, but there are more than 40 fords for crossing.
Jorullo (hṓ-rōōl′yṓ ), a volcanic mountain in Mexico, 4,315 feet above the sea, 150 miles west of the City of Mexico. During one night, Sept. 29. 1759, Jorullo was thrown up from a plain by the pressure of volcanic force.
Jo′seph, son of Jacob and his father’s favorite. His envious brothers sold him into Egypt where his conduct and skill in reading dreams raised him to high favor with the Pharaoh and to the first place in the kingdom. The story is told in complete detail in Genesis.
Josephine (jō′zḗ-fḗn), Marie Rose, empress of the French, was born on June 23, 1763, on Martinique. She had only a poor education, but her qualities of mind and heart, even more than her beauty, won universal regard. In 1779 she was married to Viscount Beauharnais. Josephine’s husband was executed during the reign of terror, she herself barely escaping. On March 9, 1796, she was married to Napoleon Bonaparte. She accompanied him on his Italian campaign, and used her influence in restraining him from measures of violence and cruelty. But as she had no children by Napoleon, her marriage was dissolved by law on Dec. 16, 1809. The empress lived near Eoreux and died at Malmaison, May 29, 1814. See the Memoirs of Madame Rémusat.
Jose′phus, Flavius (Joseph ben Matthias), a Jewish writer and historian, was born at Jerusalem in 37 A. D. of a distinguished family, and was thoroughly educated. He finally entered the sect of the Pharisees. In 63 A. D. he was sent to Rome on a political mission, and, being successful, became a man of consideration among his countrymen. During the Jewish insurrection he was in command of affairs in Galilee. When he finally fell into the hands of the Romans, he saved his life by acute flattery, predicting the rise of Vespasian to the imperial throne. The latter half of his life was passed as a resident of Rome in learned leisure. Not all of his writings have come to us, but we have a history of the Jewish wars from 170 B. C. to the destruction of Jerusalem; a history of the Jews from the creation to 66 A. D,: an autobiography; and a work against Apion. The date of his death is not known,, but probably he died about 95 A. D.
Josh′ua, the son of Nun of the tribe of Ephraim, is first mentioned in Exodus xvii: 9 as commanding Israel at the battle of Rephidim. He was sent out as one of the 12 spies from Kadesh to get information about the strength of the Canaanites. When the others returned disheartened, he and Caleb alone retained their courage. These two, therefore, out of all the grown men of Israel, were exempted from the divine sentence that because of their want of faith they should fall in the wilderness. After the death of Moses Joshua became the leader of Israel, and the book that bears his name tells of his conquest and the settlement of Canaan.
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