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senate. In February, 1894, he was appointed associate-justice of the United States supreme court. In politics he is a Democrat. White, Henry Kirke, an English poet, was born on March 21, 1785, at Nottingham. His mother's ambition led to his being educated as a lawyer instead of following his father's business. His first poems attracted the attention of the owner of the paper, who advised publication of them in book-form. The volume was cruelly treated by the critics, but brought him the friendship of Southey and a scholarship at Cambridge. He is best known by the hymn entitled The Star of Bethlehem. He died at college on Oct. 16, 1806. His poems were published by Southey, with a memoir, which attracted public attention and sympathy. White, Richard Grant, an American author, was born at New York City on May 22, 1821. Though a student of medicine and of law, he adopted a literary career, being for 14 years on The Courier and Enquirer of New York, part of the time as editor. The result of his studies and writings on music and art was Christian Art. Other works are National Hymns, Poetry of the Civil War, Words and Their Uses and Every-Day English. Among his best-known articles to the magazines, to which he contributed for 30 years, were those on the plays of Shakespeare. He died at New York on April 8, 1885. White, Stewart Edward, an American author and story-writer who deals chiefly with western life, was born at Grand Rapids, Mich., on March 12, 1873. He entered the University of Michigan, from which he graduated in 1895, subsequently taking a course at Columbia Law School, New York City. Some years later he developed gifts as a novelist and successively published The Claim Jumpers, The Westerners, The Blazed Trail, Conjurer's House, The Forest, The Magic Forest, The Silent Places, The Mountains, Blazed Trail Stories, The Pass and The Mystery, the last in conjunction with S. H. Adams. Most of these are realistic studies of the rough life of the western plains, mountain passes and hillsides. White, William Allen, American journalist and author, was born in Emporia, Kans., in 1868, and educated there and at the University of Kansas. Taking to journalism as a profession, Mr. White has had connection with The Eldorado Daily Republican, The Kansas City Journal and The Star, and in 1894 he purchased The Emporia Gazette, which he still edits and publishes. In the latter, in August of 1896, he wrote a striking article, which was widely commented on, entitled What's the Matter with Kansas? Besides a reprint of this article, Mr. White has issued collections of short

stories dealing chiefly with American political life. These embrace The Real Issue, The Court of Boyville, Stratagems and Spoils and In Our Town. White Ant. See Ant. White′bait′, a name given in London to the translucent young of the herring and other similar fishes. They are salt-water fishes, but come up the Thames with the tide. Whitebait dinners are stylish and famous. The name is also given to small, colorless fishes, living at considerable depths off the coast of China and Japan but approaching the shores to spawn in their season. They are considered a delicacy by English people living in China. Whitefield (whīt′fēld), George, an English preacher and reformer, was born at Gloucester, Dec. 16, 1714. While at Pembroke College, Oxford, he became associated with Wesley (q. v.) and his band of followers, who already were known as Methodists, and even among them was remarkable for his zeal, as shown in his labors in the jails. He preached his first sermon at Gloucester Cathedral, where the earnestness and eloquence of his oratory produced a great impression. Five persons are said to have gone crazy with excitement, but when complaint was made to the bishop he said that he hoped that "the madness would last till next Sunday." The same excitement attended his preaching in London, where the streets were filled in the early morning with persons carrying lanterns on their way to hear him preach, hours before the time of service. The clergy of the English church were offended at Whitefield's open-air preaching, which he soon used almost entirely, owing to their unwillingness to open their churches to him. He and Wesley separated on doctrinal points, and Whitefield's supporters, led by Lady Huntingdon, built him a large shed called The Tabernacle, where immense crowds gathered. He paid seven visits to America, some of them lasting two or three years, where he preached to as large crowds as in England and Scotland, 20,000 persons hearing him at one time on Boston Common. His health failing, he put himself on what he called a short allowance—one sermon a day and three on Sunday. He died on his last visit to America, at Newburyport, Mass., Sept. 30, 1770. Consult Life by Tyerman; Life and Times by Philip; and Lecky's History of England, Vol. II. White′fish′, a common name for a number of fishes of pale or white color belonging to the salmon family. They are inhabitants mostly of lakes in the northern hemisphere. The name applies especially to the common whitefish of the great lakes of North America. This is the largest of the group, reaching a length of about 30 inches, It varies in appearance with age and condi-