THE STUDENT'S MANUAL
" (a) Self-pollination: 1518. (b) Cross-pollination: 1518.
1. Nectar feeding: like
the butterflies and moths 1519.
2. Pollen feeding: like
the bees and wasps 1519; 192.
3. How the insects know
the food: 1519.
b. Fruits: contain mature seed 721; 1523.
(1) Kinds: 721; pear 1434; apple 85; gourd 787; gooseberry 781; raspberry 1587.
• (a) Wind: 1718; milkweed 1226; catal-pa 348; maple 1166; tumble-weed 1950.
(b) Water: 1718.
(c) Animals: 1718.
(d) Explosion of pod: violet 2022.
(a) Seed wings: 1894; maple 1166;
1718.
(b) Plumes: 1718; milkweed 1226;
catalpa 348.
(c) Barbs: 1718; dandelion 500.
(3) Fertilization: 657.
(c) By insects:
(2) How distributed:
1717; 1519.
(3) Special adaptation for seed- distribution:
1718.
c. Runners and cuttings: 1552; 1643.
d. Selections and crossing to obtain new varieties called hybrids: 1500; 789.
3. GERMINATION: 760; 657; 614; 1718.
a. Parts of seed: 611.
b. Development:
(1) Covering: 931; 1894.
(2) Cotyledon: 465.
(3) Caulicle: 353.
(4) Plumule: 1506.
(1) Plumule developing into stem: 1747.
(2) Radicle into the root: 1632.
j (a) Leaflike. [ (b) Not leaflike.
(3) Cotyledons: 611. )
(2) Chemical changes in leaf: 1479; 18; 1041.
4. NOURISHMENT OF PLANTS: 1366; 532; 1420; 1242; 847.
a. Green plants: that can make their own food.
(1) Chlorophyll: green bodies that do the work 393.
(a) Work: to provide nourishment for leaf 690
(a) Make carbohydrates and proteids:
1479.
(b) Give off oxygen and vapor: 1936.
(c) Put food in solution: 531.
(d) Respiration: 1602; 1210. (3) Work of roots and stems: 2051; 1632.
b. Plants not green: having no chlorophyll, they cannot manufacture own
food.
(1) Kinds: 724; mushrooms 178; moulds 1479; mildews 117;
truffles 1946; yeast 2121; rust 1649; toadstools 178.
(2) How they live: 1678; depend on green plants and on animals
1420; 18*59.
(3) Where they grow: 1479.
5. ROOTS OF PLANTS: 1632; 2051.
a. Purpose: to hold fast and absorb food 1294.
b. How direction is determined: water and gravity 859.
c. Kinds: taproot and hair-roots 1632.
2224
