264
CLIFFOED--CLUSERET.
CLIFFOED, The Hon. and Bight Ebv. William Joseph HuQH^ D.D.t a Catholic prelate^ son of Hugh Charles, seventh Lord Clifford, by his wife Mary Lucy, only daughter of the late Thomas W^d, Esq, (who, after his wife's death, took holy orders, and became a Cardinal), was born at Imham, Lincolnshire, Deo. 24, 1823. He was educated at Borne — first in the College of Nobles, and next in the Collegio Bomano. The revolution of 1848 obliged him to withdraw to Louvain, where he spent a year among the Jesuits. He completed his studies in the College of St. Bueno, near St. Asaph, m Wales, took holy orders, and in 1852 was appointed Vicar-General to Dr. Errington, Bishop of Plymouth. In 1857 he was appointed Bishop of Clifton, being consecrated on Feb. 15 by Pope Pius IX. in the Sistine Chapel. The diocese of Clifton comprises the counties of Gloucester, Somerset, and Wilts.
CLUSEBET, GusTAVE Paul, a French Communist general, born at Paris June 23, 1823. His father was an ancien ojficier of the First Empire, and became colonel of a regiment of the line under the Monarchy of July. Young Cluseret studied in the military school of St. Cyr, and upon leaving, in 1845, was appointed a sub-lieutenant of his father's regiment, the 55th. In the revolution of Feb. 1848, Cluseret was in command of a section of grenadiers told off for the protec- tion of the Bank. When the Na- tional Guard of the quartier relieved the troops, Baron d'Argoult hid the young officer and his soldiers for two days, and then assisted them to escape in disguise from the fury of the people. In the days of June, Cluseret was elected a chief of a battalion of National Guards, and for his bravery under fire was named Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. After the dissolution of the Gourde Mobile he returned to his old regi- ment with the grade of lieutenant.
I and shortly afterwards was put on the retired list in consequence of a manifestation of politics adverse to the Prince-President. He was re- placed at the intercession of Mar- shal Magnan, an old friend of his father's, and in 1853 was transferred to the Chasseurs-^pied, with whom he went through the campaign in the Crimea, was made captain, and after the peace went to Afiioa, where, as his biographer, M. Jules Bichards, delicatSy puts it, "the elasticity of his principles in the matter of the ownership of property made it necessary for him to re- sign." In 1860 he turned up wiUi the army of Garibaldi, where he became lieutenant-colonel. When the war broke out in America he joined the Federals, and fought against the South with the grade of a colonel. Here, previous to the fall of Imperialism in Paris, his military career ends, and M. Jules Bichards frankly professes his in- ability to account for the title of General under which Cluseret of- fered his services to the Commune. After the close of the American war Cluseret returned to France and took up the profession of jour- nalism. Another indication of " elasticity of principle " led to the necessity of his quitting Paris, and he came over to England, where he mixed himself up with Uie Fenian agitation. Betuming again to France, he got into trouble by rea- son of the publication of a news- paper article to which his -name was appended, and was condemned to two months' imprisonment in St. P^lagie. There, in addition to the acquaintance of his biographer, he made that of certain agents of the International Society, the effect of which was shortly afterwards seen in his organizing the strike of the shop-assistants in Paris, in 18G9. After the elections of June in that year, Cluseret was expelled from France at the instance of the Minis- ter of War, who had reason to be- lieve that the ex-captain wits tarn-
