thus moroeẟ ‘seas’ < *mórii̯a: Lat. maria;—Ml. W. gw̯ladoeẟ ‘countries’ < *u̯látii̯es;—dannoeẟ fem. m. m. 8 ‘toothache’ < *dántii̯ā;—oeẟ ‘would be, was’ < *´sii̯ēt, § 180 ii (3).
v. Before the accent, in the penult the result varies according to the quality of the accented vowel in the (now lost) ultima; thus:
(1) ii̯é > W. ‑i, as in tri ‘three’ m. < *trii̯és (accented like the f.) < Ar. *tréi̯es (f. *tisorés) see § 103 i (3);—W. trefi ‘towns’ < *trebii̯és.
(2) ii̯ī́ > Ml. W. ‑ei, Mn. W. ‑ai, as in W. r͑ei, rhai ‘some’ § 165 vi, carai ‘would love’ § 180 ii (2); cf. nei, nai vii (2).
(3) ii̯ó > W. ‑yw as in rhyw ‘some’ § 165 vi; cf. gwyw vii (3).
(4) iiá > O. W. ‑ai, Ml. and Mn. W. ‑ae, ‑e, also Ml. W. w͡y; as in O. W. guarai, later gwarae, gware, chwarae, chware ‘to play’, Bret. c’hoari, Corn. hwary < Brit. *(s‑)u̯arii̯ā́ < *u̯ₑrii̯- √*u̯erēi § 63 vii (3); a variant is guarvy b.b. 50 = gw̯arw͡y.
vi. Before the accent in the ante-penult the result varies according as the accent fell on the lost ultima, or on the penult.
(1) In the former case the penult had generally a reduced vowel a (< ə or ₑ) ; the combination ‑ii̯a‑´ gave W. ‑aea- (also written aya), O. Bret, ‑oia‑, Bret. ‑oua‑, ‑oa‑. Thus W. claear ‘lukewarm’, Bret. klouar: Gk. χλιαρός (Ar. alternation k / gh);—W. gaeaf, gayaf, Bret. goañv ‘winter’ < *g̑hii̯əmó‑s: Skr. himáḥ, Lith. žëmà, Gk. χειμών, χεῖμα > Lat. hiems: Gaul. Giamon.., Ir. gem-red (e for ia);—W. traean ‘third part’: Ir. trian;—W. rhaeadr ‘cataract’ < *rii̯ə-tró‑: Ir. riathor: Lat. rīvus, √rei̯ā- ‘flow’;—W. daear ‘earth’, Bret. douar < *g̑hðii̯ₑrā § 98 iii.—‑isa- or ‑esa- gives the same result: Pr. Kelt. *isarno- (*is R-grade of *ais: Lat. aes): Gaul. Ysarno- Iserno‑: W. haearn, hayarn ‘iron’, O. W. Gur-haiernn gen. xxiii, O. Bret. hoiarn.
Before the loss of the accented ending the accent must have shifted to the present penult, which had the next highest stress. In Gwent and part of Dyfed the unaccented a was generally lost; thus daer ‘earth’ now dâr § 29 ii (da’r a nen Wms. 785). The O. W. dair, dayr l.l. 120, gaem b.s.ch. 3 represent this dialect. The reduction is general in claer ‘bright‘ beside claear ‘lukewarm’, with differentiation of meaning. From daer comes daerawl Ỻ.A. 130, 164.
(2) After a labial the above group takes the form ‑w͡ya-
