cf. agoriad ‘opener’ used instead in N. W.), also allwydd m. < ‑íios: Lat. claudo, clāvis, Gk. κληίς, etc.;—W. achles ‘shelter’ < *n̥-kl̥-stā (n̥- ‘in’), √k̑el- ‘hide’: O. H. G. hulst ‘cover’, W. clyd § 63 iii;—W. achenog ‘needy’, achen ‘need’, beside W. anghenog, angen, Ir. ēcen ‘need’ < *n̥k-en‑: Gk. ἀνάγκη.
Mediae: W. adyn ‘wretch’ < *ąddoni̯os < *n̥-doni̯os ‘not-man’, beside the later annyn ‘wretch’, annynol ‘inhuman’, Mn. Ir. anduine;—W. agor ‘to open’ < *ąggor- < *n̥-ghor- (n̥- negative), beside egor id. < *eggor- (pref. *ek‑), √g̑her- ‘enclose’: Lat. hortus, Gk. χόρτος, W. garth;—W. w͡ybren ‘cloud, sky’, O. Corn. huibren, Ml. Corn. ebron, Bret. Van. ebr, beside Ir. imrim ‘storm’: Lat. imber, § 100 v;—W. hebrwng ‘to accompany, convey’, O. Corn. hebrenchiat, Mn. Corn. hembronk, Ml. Bret. hambrouk < *sem-broŋk‑: Skr. sam- ‘with’, Goth. briggan, E. bring;—Bret. abrant ‘eyebrow’, Corn. abrans < *abbr‑, Ir. abra < *abr‑, beside W. amrant < *am-brant- (n̥- ‘in’): Lat. gen. front-is;—Ir. cobrith ‘help’, beside W. cymryd ‘to take’ < *kom-bhr̥‑t‑. The nasalized vowel sometimes develops a new nasal, resulting in a new nd, etc., which does not become nn; thus W. enderig ‘steer’, O. W. enderic gl. vitulus, beside W. anner ‘heifer’ which contains old nd; Gwyn. dial, ắŋ-gar ‘hot breath, steam’ for lit. W. ager ‘steam’ < *ągger‑, beside angerdd (ng ≡ ŋŋ) < *‑aŋger‑, all < *n̥-ɡu̯her- § 92 v.
Similarly ltr > *ttr > thr in athro § 76 v (5).
(2) It has been conjectured that an explosive + n sometimes became a double explosive in Kelt.; Pedersen, Gr. i 158, suggests that this took place immediately before the accent. Thus Ir. brecc, W. brych ‘speckled’ < *brikkos < *bhr̥knós: Gk. περκνός § 101 iii (2); as ‑cc occurs in Ir., the doubling here is not Brit. r̥kk < r̥k § 61 i (1);—W. crwth a kind of fiddle, croth ‘womb’, Ir. cruit ‘harp, hump’ < *qrutn‑: Lith. krūtìs ‘woman’s breast’, krūtìnė ‘breast’.—But many doublings attributed to this cause are due to other causes; see Thurneysen Gr. 88.
(3) It seems as if n + explosive coming after a sonant might become a double explosive, as in W. rhoch ‘snore’: Gk. ῥόγχος, ῥέγκω § 97 v (3). We have nk > kk > c’h after a nasal in the Bret. mutation after ma ‘my’, nao ‘nine’, as va c’haloun ‘my heart’, nao c’hant ‘900’; but the development is regular in W.
§ 100. i. (1) Ar. i̯- (Lat. j‑, Gk. ῾, Germ. j, Lith. j, Skr. y‑) remained in Pr. Kelt.; it disappears in Ir., but remains in W. Thus W. i̯euanc, Bret. iaouank, Corn. iouenc, Ir. ōac, ōc: Lat.
