y rhai ‘the ones’ is used, which is more strictly the pl. of yr un ‘the one’; the latter is similarly employed, as are also y neb, y sawl and definite nouns like y gŵr Ps. i 1, etc.
O. W. ir hinn issid m.c. ‘he who is’ gl. ille; ir hinn issid Christ juv. ‘he who is Christ’; hirunn juv. gl. quem. The first two glosses show that ir hinn might be mas. in O. W.
(2) The above forms may be qualified by superlatives: o’r hynn odidockaf a wypych r.m. 163 ‘of the rarest that thou knowest’; o’r hyn goreu a gaffer w.m. 428 ‘of the best that is to be had’. When so qualified a rel. clause need not follow: o’r hyn lleiaf Act. v 15 ‘at least’; taled o’r hyn goreu yn eifaes ei hun etc. Ex. xxii 5. So with adverbial expressions: yr hwnn y tu a Chernyw w.m. 59 ‘the one towards Cornwall’.
(3) In the 16th cent. yr was often omitted before hwn in this construction: hwn a fedd fawredd W.Ỻ. g. 292 ‘he who possesses greatness’; Hwn a wnaeth nef E.P. ps. cxxi 2 ‘He who made heaven’; i hwn a’th wahoddodd Luc xiv 9; i hyn a weddiller Act. xv 17. In Gwyn. dial. yr hwn has been replaced by hwnnw.
v. Before relatives we also have in Ml. W. the form ar, which is sg. and pl.
Iolune ar a beir b.b. 88 ‘let us praise Him who creates'; yno kyrcheist ar a gereist o rei goreu G.M.D. r.p. 1202 ‘there thou broughtest those whom thou lovedst of the best’; ar ny ẟel yn uvyẟ kymmeller o nerth cleẟyveu w.m. 8 ‘let him who will not come obediently be compelled by force of arms’; ac a vynnwys bedyẟ o’r Sarascinẏeit a adwys Charlys yn vyw, ac ar nys mynnwys a laẟawẟ c.m. 3 ‘and [those] who would be baptized of the Saracens Charles left alive, and those who would not he slew.’
It is chiefly found in the form ’r after o ‘of’.
Ac o’r a welsei efo helgwn y byt, ny welsei cwn un lliw ac wynt w.m. 1 ‘and of those that he had seen of the hounds of the world he had not seen dogs of the same colour as these’; o’r a ẟelei ẏ’r llys w.m. 34 ‘of those who came to the court’; pob creadur o’r a wnaethpwyt Ỻ.A. 4 ‘every creature of those that have been created’; bob awr o’r ẏ hoetter c.m. 86 ‘every hour of those during which it is delayed’.
In Mn. W. this construction survives with o replaced by a § 213 iii (1)
na dim a’r sydd eiddo dy gymydog Ex. xx 17. Pob peth byw a’r sydd gyda thi Gen. viii 17, see ix 16. ym mhob dim a’r y galwom arno Deut. iv 7. dim a’r a wnaethpwyd Ioan i 3.
vi. hwn and hon come in the first instance from Brit. *sundos, *sundā; the neut. hyn from *sindod, and the pl. hyn from either
