(2) oll. This is always used in an adverbial case (of measure), and generally follows the word or phrase which it limits, though in poetry it may precede it.
Kemry oll a.l. i 2 ‘all Wales’, lit. ‘Wales wholly’; y byd oll g. 294 ‘the whole world’, lit. ‘the world wholly’; gwadu oll y dadɏl a.l. i 396 ‘to deny wholly the plea’; Nyni oll Es. liii 6.
It cannot be used in the nom. or acc. case, but is always adverbial, limiting the pronominal element which is subj. or obj., and which must be expressed; thus aethant oll ‘they went wholly’ (not *aeth oll ‘all went’); arnaẟunt oll r.m. 113 ‘on them altogether’, Mn. W. arnunt oll (not *ar oll), etc.; cf. fy hun § 167 i (3).
Note.—In Recent written Welsh a neologism yr oll has arisen to express ‘the whole’, instead of y cwbl which is the form used in the natural spoken language, yr oll is even substituted for oll in late editions of earlier works; thus Ti sy ’n trefnu oll dy hun Wms. 555 appears in recent hymn-books as Ti sy ’n trefnu ’r oll dy hun. (Of course yr + oll gives yr holl the adjectival phrase, see below.)
(3) W. oll < Kelt. *oli̯od (limiting accus.); Ir. uile < Kelt. *olii̯os; probably cognate with Eng. all, Germ. all, Goth. alls < *ol-no‑s.
The h- of holl is caused by the ‑r of the article before the accented vowel § 112 i (2), and was transferred to cases where the article was not used. But the adverbial oll remained, since the article never occurred before this.
hollre seems to be compounded of holl and gre < *greg‑: Lat. greg‑; as in camre § 127.
iii. (1) Subst. cwbl ‘the whole’, followed by o ‘of’.
Ef a ẟoy am dy benn cwbɏl o’r govut w.m. 80 ‘all the retribution would have come upon thy head’; cwbɏl a geveis i o’m hamherodraeth do. 190 ‘I have recovered the whole of my empire’; kaeawẟ kwbɏl o ẟrysseu … y neuaẟ s.g. 5 ‘closed all the doors of the hall’; kwbɏl o’r wirioneẟ do. 161 ‘the whole of the truth’; yn ôl cwbl o gyfraith Moses 2 Bren. xxiii 25; cf. Nah. i 5.
In Late Mn. W. the article came to be put before cwbl; this appears already in the Bible : Gen. xiv 20 (1620); in late edns. in Ex. xxiii 22, 2 Chron. xxxii 31.
(2) Adj. cwbl [soft] ‘complete’.
cwbɏl waradwyẟ a geveis w.m. 42 ‘[it is] a thorough insult that 1 have had’; cwbɏl weithret, cwbɏl sarhaet a.l. i 526 ‘the complete act, the full fine’; cwbl ddiwydrwydd 2 Pedr i 5.
It is also used after its noun: kanny bu weithret cwbɏl a.l. i 526 ‘since there was not a complete act’; cymodlonedd cwbl m.a. i 348 ‘complete reconciliation’.
Adv. yn gwbl, o gwbl ‘wholly’: ac ereẏll en kubɏl a ẟẏleassant
