Compounds of the Verb ‘To Be’.
§ 190. i. (1) The verbs of the v.n.’s cánfod ‘to perceive’, dárfod ‘to waste away; to happen’; górfod ‘to overcome’; hánfod ‘to be from; to come’, are conjugated with the b-forms of the verb ‘to be’; as canffýddaf, etc. In Ml. W. canfod appears generally with the pref. ar‑.
Pres. (fut.) ind.: sg. 1. gorvyẟaf c.m. 61, 70;—2. henbyẟy w.m. 97;—3. dervyẟ c.m. 43, gorvit (≡ gorvyẟ) b.b. 52; dy-ẟerbi r.p. 578, dy-worpi do. 585;—impers. gorvyẟir w.m. 82, r.b.b. 152, c.m. 13.
Impf. ind. sg. 1. gorvyẟwn w.m. 131;—3. hanbyẟei w.m. 141.
Perf.: sg. 1. Mn. canfū́m § 191 ii (5);—3. kanvu r.p. 1143, arganvu c.m. 50, s.g. 7, darvu c.m. 59, gorvu w.m. 89;—pl. 1. darfuam b.b. 105;—3. darvuan b.b. 6;—impers. arganvuwyt w.m. 49, darvuwyt r.p. 1296.—Plup.: pl. 3. gorvuassynt c.m. 68.
Pres. subj.: sg. 1. hanbwyf m.a. i 301b;—2. hanpych gwell r.m. 87, w.m. 185, s.g. 1, hanbych well p 16/44, Mn. W. henffych well ‘may you come well!’ i.e. welcome! (gwell not orig. cpv. § 148 i (4));—3. darffo s.g. 17, c.m. 42, 59, gorpo b.b. 17, hanffo Ỻ.A. 131, c.m. 33;—pl. 3. gorffont r.b.b. 222;—impers. gorvyẟer c.m. 13, gorffer do. 22.
Impf. subj.: sg. 3. darffei c.m. 68, 29, gorffei r.m. 163, hanphei c.m. 55, hampei do. 58.
Irnpv.: sg. 3. derffit r.p. 1044, r.m. 155; dervhid b.b. 91.
V.n. arganvot w.m. 54, darvot c.m. 32, gorvot w.m. 56, hanvot do. 460;—v. adj. darvodedic Ỻ.A. 86, Mn. W. darfodedig ‘perishable’.
(2) In darfod two verbs have prob. merged: (a) darfod ‘to waste away, to perish’ < dar‑: Gk. φθείρω § 98 i (4);—(b) darfod ‘to happen’ < *do-ári- § 156 i (13). The latter is used in the 3rd sg. only, see § 196, as Beth a ẟarvu uẟunt wy? Ỻ.A. 7 ‘What happened to them?’; often as a so-called “auxiliary”; as pei na ẟarffei ẏ’r dwst gyvodi c.m. 68 ‘if the dust had not risen’; deryw in Ml. W. is generally thus used. In Mn. W. it is replaced by darfu; but the pres. had a past force from the sense of ‘afore(time)’ in the prefix. The v.n. darfod introduces noun-clauses corresponding to direct statements with deryw, as Ml. W. wrth ry-ẟarvot iẟaw ẏ r͑oẟi s.g. 32 ‘since he had given it’.
Examples: (a) derfydd f. 27 ‘will perish’, darfu D.G. (§ 160 i (1)) ‘is spent’, darfyẟant Job iv 9 ‘they perish’, ni ddarfu 1 Bren. xvii 16 ‘wasted not’, darvuan b.b. 6 ‘they perished’;—(b) darffo 1 Cor. xv 54, darfu ’m (for darfu ym) Gr.O. 98 ‘it happened to me’, i.e. I did; y darffai d. 112; a vynno Duw derffit r.m. 155 lit. ‘what God will let it come to pass’.
