sg. impv. *‑dhi might be added (: Gk ‑θι); thus *do-reg-di > *do-red-di > dyred. It is true that ‑dhi was added to R-grade of root; but there are exceptions, as in the case of ‑tōd (Lat. estō for *s-tōd).
dyre also occurs as 3rd sg. pres. ind., r.p. 1036, l. 28.
Verbs with old Perfects.
§ 194. i. (1) dywedaf ‘I say’ has 3rd sg. pres. ind. Ml. W. dyweit Ỻ.A. 21, Early Mn. W. dywaid. In Late Mn. W. this form is replaced by dywed, which is not so much a re-formate from the other persons as a dial. pron. of dywaid, § 6 iii. (In Gwyn. the dial, form is dyfyd re-formed with the regular affection as in gweryd: gwaredaf.)
The 3rd sg. dyweit seems to contain the affected form of the R-grade *u̯at- (*u̯ₑt‑) of the root § 201 i (3); cf. beirv b.b. 101: berwaf.
(2) The aor. is dywedeis w.m. 10, dywedeist do. 63, dywedassam, etc., which is regular, except that for the 3rd sg. the perf. is used: Ml. W. dywawt r.m. 5, 6, dywat do. 23, dywot w.m. 6, 7; Early Mn. W. dywawd R.G.E. d. 141, dywad, dywod, dyfod. For these in Late Mn. W. a new formation dywedodd is used; but in Gwyn. dial. dỿwad, dw̄́ad may still be heard (Rhys, RC. vi 17).
- Ni ddyfod ond yn ddifalch;
- Ni bu na gorwag na balch.—D.N., m 136/123.
‘He spoke only modestly: he was neither vain nor proud.’
The impers. is the perf. dywespwyt r.m. 90, r.b.b. 10, dywetpwyt s.g. 17, Mn. W. dywetpwyd Matt, i 22 (1620). But the aor. dywedwyd is more usual in Mn. W., and also occurs in Ml. W.: dywedwyt Ỻ.A. 115.
(3) The 2nd sg. impv. is, of course, dywet w.m. 121; Mn. W. dywed. But in Early Mn. verse we sometimes find dywaid, D.G. 355, G.Gr. do. 247, owing to the influence of the irregular 3rd sg. pres. ind.
(4) The v.n. is Early Ml. W. dywedwyd > Ml. W. dywedut § 78 iv (2), written in Mn. W. dywedyd.
In the dialects S.W. gwĕ́ud (the vb. also gwedaf), N.W. (dwĕ́ud), dĕ́ud, dw̆́yd, (ĕ ≡ ə).
(5) dywedaf: √u̯et/d- ‘say’: Skr. vádati ‘speaks’, W. gwawd ‘song’, Ir. fāith ‘poet’, Gaul. (-Gk.) pl. οὐᾱ́τεις (whence Lat. vātēs, Walde, s.v.) < Kelt. *u̯āt- < L° *u̯ōt‑. Perf. dywawt, etc., § 182 ii (1).—V.n. dywedwyd § 203 iii (4), (8).
