is the same as after ny ; so the use of -t before verbs. (3) Mn. W. ai S ' is it so ? ', onid 6, onite ' is it not so ? ' dial. N.W. ai e ? yrit e ? S. W. ai ef e ? t ef e ? ont ef e?
Examples : (i) Ml. W. A w&ost ti B.T. 27 ' Dost thou know? ' ae ti a eirch vy merch W.M. 479 ' is it thou that seekest my daughter 1 ' (2) O. W. anit arber bit JTJV. gl. nura vescitur 1 Ml. W. Pony welwch chwi B.P. 1418 'do you not see?' Pany chredwch chwi ib. 'do you not believe ? ' Ponyt ydym ni yn kredu IL.A. 83 ' do we not believe ? ' Ponyt llygoden a welaf i yth law di W.M. 78 'is it not a mouse that I see in thy hand ? '
Pand hir na welir ond nos ?
Pe byr, hir yw pob aros. I.F., M 148/59.
' Is it not long that only night is seen ? Though short, all waiting is long.'
Ond hir yr wyd yn tario ? W.1L., G. 293.
' Is it not long that thou art tarrying ? ' Onid oes dinistr i'r anwir ? Job xxxi 3. Ond rhaid i trdd fyw ? B.C. 119 ' must not trade live ? '
Preverbal a may be followed by an infixed pron. in Ml. W. : a'm dywedyS IL.A. 134 ' wilt thou tell me ? ' ae gwBost di S.G. 4 ' dost thou know it? '
In Late Mn. W. the p- forms are obsolete ; the forms used are oni, onid, more rarely ond. Wm.S. has ani, anid, which may have been dial, forms in the i6th cent.
ii. These particles originated in indirect questions : Ac amovyn a Pheredur a welsei y kyfryw varchawc W.M. 138 ' and inquiring of Pere- dur whether he had seen such a knight ' ; ny wnn a glyweist ywrthaw do. 166 'I know not whether thou hast heard about it' ; a gofyn a oruc Owein ae dyn bydawl K.M. 187 'and Owein asked whether it was a living man '. The point of transition is represented by Dywet . . . a weleisti W.M. 1 1 8, which may be rendered ' say whether thou hast seen ' or ' say, hast thou seen ? '
ae . . . ae ' whether . . . or ' : A w8osti peth wyt . . . ae corff ae cneit B.T. 27 'dost thou know what thou art, whether body or soul ? ' y rofti dewis uSunt ae gwrhau i8aw ae ymwan ac ef, see 222 ii (2).
iii. a [soft] ' whether ' may represent unacc. Brit. *d ' if ' instr. sg. f. of the pron. *o- : cf. Gk. ^ ' if ' which however is from *e, variant of *o instr. sg. m. ; for the instr. f. as adv. cf. Lat. ea, qua. See 222 v (i).
ae [rad.J is a contraction of a and a vocable *y, which orig. ended in a cons., and may be from *id ' it ', BO that ae may be lit. ' whether it [is]'; cf. nyt 217 iv (3).
l>o-ny, pa-ny<~Brii. *q^a ne ' whether not' ; *q v d instr. sg. f. as *d above ; if unacc. in Brit, it would give pa- ; if uuacc. later, po- ; see 71 i (2).
