ʃL′ïpərNỹ:, ‘tottering’, < Engl. ‘slip’. From Lat. papa, ‘pope’, we expect *pα:bə and not pα:pə.
§ 362. b + th gives p in L′αpə, gen. sing. of L′αbwi:, ‘bed’, nom. plur. L′αpαχə, M.Ir. lepad; L′ɛəpαχə, plur. of L′ɛəb, ‘strip’, Di. leadhb. Similarly in futures, e.g. Lu:pwi ʃə, ‘he will bend’; ʃiəpwi ʃə, ‘it will blow’. p further arises from bh + th in the adverbs ti:puəs, ‘above’, ti:pαL, ‘beyond’, ti:p′iər, ‘to the west of’ = taobh-thuas, taobh-thiar, taobh-thall, cp. § 470 and Pedersen p. 161.
o̤mpər, ‘to carry’, occurs by the side of o̤mχər, M.Ir. immchor; kɔləpə, ‘calf of the leg’ (not common) = Meyer colptha; kɔləpαχ, ‘stirk’, = Meyer colpthach. Both the latter seem to go back to the Teutonic word for ‘calf’.
§ 363. In the future forms of stems ending in p the h < f can cause no change as the p is already aspirated. Hence the present and future are often the same in form, e.g. k′αpwi: ʃə, ‘he stops’ or ‘will stop’; kro̤pwi: ʃə, ‘it shrinks’ or ‘will shrink’.
2. p′.
§ 364. p′ is formed with the lips tightly drawn back on to the teeth and may be aspirated. For p′ as a lenis cp. § 438.
§ 365. Initial p′ represents O. and M.Ir. p before e, i. The words in question are mostly borrowed from Latin or English, some are late formations modelled on English words, whilst one or two others such as sp′αl, ‘scythe’, M.Ir. spel, are obscure. Examples – p′αkuw, ‘sin’, O.Ir. peccad < Lat. peccatum; p′αN, ‘pen’, M.Ir. penn < Lat. pinna; p′αtə, ‘pet’, M.Ir. petta; p′ïl′əp′i:n′, ‘peewit’, Di. pilibín, < Philip (?); p′ïnu:s, ‘penance’, Di. píonús, píonós < Lat. poena, with possibly a leaning on Engl. ‘punish’ (Macbain); p′ïkɔd′, ‘pick’ and p′ïkuw, ‘to pick’, < Engl.; p′ig′i:n′, ‘a piggin’; p′iʃi:n′, ‘kitten’; p′it′, ‘cunnus’, Di. pit < Engl. ‘pit’ or O.E. pyt; p′iN′, ‘penny’, M.Ir. pinginn; p′i:sə, ‘piece’; p′l′ɛəskuw, ‘to burst, crack’, founded on Engl. ‘flash’ (?); p′l′eiʃu:r, ‘pleasure’; p′r′ɛətə, ‘potato’; p′r′ïs, ‘cupboard’, <Engl. ‘press’; sp′eir′, ‘sky’, < Lat. sphaera; sp′iənuw, ‘to tease wool’, < Lat. spina; sp′ïrəd, ‘spirit’, O.Ir. spirut.
In p′eiʃt′ (χapwiL′), ‘a black and yellow caterpillar’, we have p′ for b′, cp. § 360 and Scotch G. preathal for breitheal.
p′iəχαn, ‘hoarseness’, seems to be onomatopœic and exhibits
