EURE-ET-LOIR. 275 EURIPIDES. Loir and Euro, joining the Seine above Pont- de I'Arche, after a course of about 11- miles, for 50 of which it is navigable. EURE-ET-LOIR, cr'-a-lwiir'. A northern department of France, formed chiefly from the ancient Province of Orloanais (Map: France, II :i). Area, 2268 square miles. Population, in 1896, 277, 52:!; in 1001, 272,024. It. is watered mainly by the Eure in the north and the Loir in the south, the two rivers from which it takes its name. It is. in general, level, I he east and south being occupied by high and extensive plateaus, while in the west the surface is finely varied by bill and valley. The soil is fertile. Wheat, oats, and apples are largely produced. Capital,! 'hart res. EURE'KA (Gk. efynjica, I have found). An exclamation attributed to the philosopher Archimedes, who is said to have hurst forth with the cry 'Eureka! Eureka!' upon suddenly dis- covering the principle of specific gravity, whereby he was enabled to determine what proportion of silver alloy was contained in the gulden crown of King Hiero of Syracuse. Hence, an exclama- tion of triumph at a discovery made. EUREKA. A city and county -seat of Hum- boldt County, Cal., 225 miles north by west of San Francisco, on Humboldt Bay, connected with Pacific coast ports by regular steamship lines (Map: California, A 1). It possesses a fine harbor which has been improved by the United States Government and has a minimum depth of 24 feet. An extensive trade is carried on in redwood lumber, shingles, butter, fish, apples, and wool. There are numerous lumber- mills, a tannery, iron-foundry, woolen-mill, and other industrial establishments. Sequoia Park, a tract of redwood forest near the city, is still practically in its virgin state. There are a pub- lic library (Carnegie) and a fine court-house. The government, under a charter of 1895, is vested in a mayor, elected biennially, and a municipal council. First settled about 1850, Eureka became the county-seat and was incorpo- rated in 1856. Population, in 1890, 4S58 ; in 1900, 7327. EUREKA. A city and county-seat of Wood- ford County, 111., 19 miles east of Peoria, on the Toledo. Peoria and Western and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa F6 railroads (Map: Illinois, C 3). Eureka College (Christian), established in 1855, is situated here. The city owns and operates its water -works. Eureka was incorpo- rated as a town in 1856. Population, in 1890, 1481 ; in 1900, 1661. EUREKA. A city and the county-seat of Greenwood County. Kan., 109 miles southwest of Topeka, on Fall River, and on the Missouri Pacific and the Atchison, Topeka and Sante F6 railroads (Map: Kansas, F 4). The Southern Kansas Academy (Congregational) is situated here. The city has considerable trade in the products of the surrounding agricultural and stock-raising district. Population, in 1890, 2259: in 1900. 2091. EUREKA. A town and the county-seat of Eureka County. New, 75 miles east of Austin, connected by rail with Palisade Station. 84 miles distant, on the Southern Pacific Railroad (Map: Nevada. F 2). It is the centre of a clus- ter of very rich mines of gold, silver, and lead, and is almost wholly engaged in mining, smelt- ing, and refining. In lM.sil Kureka had a popula- tion of 5000. It has suffered severely ii I property valued at ovei $1,000,000 being de stroyed in 1878 and 1879. Population, in l 1609; in 1900, aboul L875. EUREKA SPRINGS. A city and the eountj seal of Carroll County, ik., on the Eureka Springs Railroad (Map: Arkansas. I! 1). It, is a noted health resort, popular for it- picturesque and elevated situation a ng the Ozark Moun tain-, it, healthful climate", and its mineral and medicinal Bpring . fifty in number. In the vicinity of the citj a line grade of onyx is found. The water works are owned by the municipalitv. I'opulation, in 1890, :!7nti; in 1900, 3572. EURIPIDES, uiip'id./. U.at.. from Gk. EipiwlSw) (c.480-406 B.C.). The latest of the three greal Greek tragic poets. He was born, tradition said, in Salamis on the day of the great sea tight with the Persians. His parents, MiMsarchides and Clito, were of humble station; they lived at one time in banishment in Bo and on their return to Athens are said to have engaged in petty retail trade. Their s,m. how- ever, had a good education. He produced his first play, The Daughters of Peleus, at the age of twenty -five. From that time he devoted himself to the tragic stage. His first play won but the third place, and he gained the first prize only after fourteen years of disappointment. This distinction he enjoyed but five (or, as one author- ity says, fifteen) times in all. Euripides was of a studious and speculative nature, and was a friend and disciple of Anaxagoras, Prodicus, Protagoras, Socrates, and others, although he attached himself to no particular philosophic school. He possessed a gloomy temperament, was morbidly sensitive, and apparently felt him- self misunderstood by his fellow Athenians. He took no part in politics, but lived in his library. The latter part of his life he spent away from Athens, first in Magnesia, then at the Court of Archelaus at Pella in Macedonia. He died in the spring of B.C. 400 at Arcthusa, near Amphi- polis, and was buried not far from that city. At Athens a cenotaph was erected to him, the epi- taph of which declared that all Greece was his monument, and that the earth of Maeedon covered only his bones. In sharp contrast to his two great predecessors, -Eschylus and Sophocles, Euripides represents the new moral, social, and political movements which were transforming Athens at the end of the fifth century B.C. He is also distinguished from the earlier tragedians by the fact that his interest lay in the thought and experience of the ordinary individual far more than in the sufferings of legendary beings belonging to the heroic past; so that while he drew characters from the old mythology, he treated them in a thoroughly realistic fashion ; they were no longer ideal personages far removed from every-day life, but contemporary Athenians representing every grade of society to be found in Athens at his time. In fact, Euripides shifted the tragic situ- ation from a conflict between man and the divine laws of the universe to man's inner soul, where the struggle is between his better impulses and the evil suggestions of his baser self. He is furthermore the most modern of all the Greek dramatists in his tenderness and sentimentality;
