FAUVELET. 488 FAVRAS. FAUVELET, fo'vla', Jean Baptiste (1819 — ). A French painter, he was born at Bor- deaux: ^udied under Delacour; and made a specialty of genre and flower painting. His paintings are very small, of exquisite coloring, and highly finished without being hard. Among his pictures are: "A Young Man Reading" (1S45); "The Two Roses" (1847); "Non- chalance" (1848): "The Carver" (1S50); and "The Prodigal Son" (1869). FA VARA, fa-va'ra. A city in Sicily. 1066 feet above the sea, 6 miles east of Girgenti and 9 miles from the Mediterranean. It mines sul- phur, alum, and tourmaline, quarries marble, markets fruit, and has a castle of the Chiara- monte family, who, in the fourteenth century, were politically important. Population of com- mune, in 1881, 16.000; in 1901, 20,400. FAVARO, fa-va'ro, Antonio (1847—). An Italian mathematician. He was born in Padua, and was educated in that city and at Turin and Zurich. In 1S72 he was appointed professor of graphic statics at Padua, and in 1878 he opened a course on the history of mathematics at that university. In 1879 he began to devote himself more particularly to the study of Galileo, and in Iss; W as intrusted with the preparation of a national edition of Galileo's works. He prepared more than two hundred memoirs and other works, a large number of which are devoted to the study of Galileo. Among these are the following: La statica grafica nell' insegnamento tecnico supe- riore (1873) ; Lezioni di statica grafica (2d ed. 1877); Miscellanea Galileiana inedita (18S7); Xuoci studi Galileiani (1891). FAVART, fa'viir', Charles Simon (1710-92). A very prolific French dramatist and theatrical manager, whose wife, Marie Justine Benoite Duronceray ( 1727-72 I . was one of the most noted actresses of the eighteenth century. He wrote, largely in collaboration with her, some hundred and fifty comedies and operettas, of which the more noted are: La chercheuse d'esprit (1741) : Lea amours de Bastit n i / de Bastii nne, a parody on he (lirin du village', and Les trots sultanes. His works are published in ten volumes (Paris, 1763 72) ; a selection of them in three volumes (1813). His M6moires et correspondance lit- t&raires (Paris 1808) is very valuable for the history of the French drama. For his biography, consult 1". .nt (Paris, 1S94 I . FAVERSHAM, feVer-sham. A municipal borough, market town, and seaport of Kent. Eng- land, "ii a navigable arm of the Swale, opposite Sheppey Island, 10 miles west-northwesl of Canterbury (Map: Knghind, fi 5). Its parish church is a handsome Early-English structure, with curious carvings and a fine spire. Of the Cluniac Abbey, founded by King Stephen, in which he, his wife, and son were buried, there arc but slight remains. It has valuable oyster fisheries, and carries on a large trade in fruil and hops. There is also a considerable industry in ship building and in the making of bricks and li sends much agricultural produce to m in the vicinity are large guncotton and powder factories. Population, in Ism. io.t7s : in 1901, 11.290. Cnder i be name of Favresfield, it was a eat of the Saxon kings, where Athel Btan, in 930, held a Witenagemote. It- earliest artei dales from the reign of Henry ill. Here -lames li. was arrested and sent back to London after his first attempt to escape to France. FAVERSHAM, William (1868—). An American actor, born and educated in England. In 1888 he came to the United States, and in 1893 joined the Empire Theatre Company, of which he became leading man in 1896. Among the plays in which he appeared are: The Mas- queraders; Under the Red Robe; Lord and Lady Algy ; Don Cesar de Bazan; and Imprudence. FAVIGNANA, fa've-nya'na. The chief of the .Egadian Islands (q.v.), lying about 6 miles off the west coast of Sicily, and about 6 miles long and about 2 miles wide (Map: Italy, G 10). The chief town of the same name, situated on the northern side, is defended by three forts. The population numbers over 5000; the most impor- tant industry is fishing. Many caves exist on the island, and in some of them have been found ancient weapons and utensils FAVOTSflTJS, Mabcus ( ?-B.c. 42). A Roman politician, nicknamed 'Cato's Ape,' on account of his servile imitation of the latter's character and conduct. He was a partisan of the Opti- mates, and opposed all the measures of the first triumvirate. Notwithstanding his personal aver- sion to Pompey, he fought with him during the Civil War, but upon Pompey's death was par- doned by Caesar. He took no part in the con spiracy against Cresar, but after his murder espoused the cause of Brutus and Cassius. He was put to death by Octavius after the battle of Philippi. FAVORI'NUS. A sophist of the time of Hadrian. He was a native of Arelate (Aries), in Gaul, but for many years was a traveler in the East. He was on intimate terms with Plutanh . Herodes Atticus, Demetrius of Alexandria, Aulus Gellius, and with the Emperor Hadrian himself. Only a few fragments of his works have been preserved. His conversations are described at some length by his devoted admirer, Gellius, in the Nodes Attica-. FAVORITA (fa'vo-iv'ta). La (It., the favo rite). The title of an opera by Donizetti ( 1840), and the name of the leading character, Leonora de Guzman, the favorite of Alfonso XL of Cas tile. She is about to marry Ferdinando, who, when he discovers her relations to the King, re- tires to a monastery. FAVOSITES, fav'6-si'tez. The most impor- tant genus of fossil tabulate corals, characterized by the vertical rows of round pores that perforate the walls of the individual polygonal cells. The animals of this coral formed colonies of rounded or branching form, and in the Silurian and De- vonian periods they were important coral-reef builders. Silicified specimens of Favosites, and its near ally. Michelinia, arc often found lying loose in the residual soils of Silurian and De- vonian regions, ami arc then known to the farm era of the vicinity as 'fossil bees' nests.' The best known species arc Favosites Niagarensis and Favosites Gothlandicus, of the Silurian. I Favosites polymorpha, of the Devonian. See Plate of CORAl S. FAVRAS, fa'vra', Thomas de Maht, Marquis de (1744-90). A French general, bom at Blois. lie entered the French Army, and I ame ■ lieutenant in the Swiss Bodyguards of the Count of Provence, nfterwards bonis XVIII. In 17*7 he organized and commanded a legion in Hoi'
