FIELD OF THE FORTY FOOTSTEPS. a liind Montagu House in London, from a tradition of a combat between two brothers, whose foot- steps remained visible and were marked by total -me of vegetation. Southey says that he counted seventy-six footsteps about three inches deep. FIELD OF VIEW. The space within which objects can be seen through an optical instru- ment; more strictly, the space within which the image of an object may be seen by whole pencils. FIELD-PLOVER. In the United States, the local name of three different shore-birds: ( ] ) the Bartramian sandpiper [Bartramia longicauda), frequently called 'upland plover.' though not a plover at all: (2) the golden plover; and (3) the black-bellied plover. See Plover; Sandpiper. FIELD-SPARROW. A small sparrow (Spi- zella pusilla), common through the northern half of the United States in summer and going smith in winter. It closely resembles the chip- ping sparrow in size and color, except that where that species is ashy this is suffused with brown- ish. It nests on or near the ground in fields and meadows, lays spotted eggs, and has a slender, pretty song, as if in weak imitation of the song- sparrow. FIELDS, .Tames Thomas (1817-81). An American author and publisher. He was born in Portsmouth. X. H. and was educated in the pub- lic schools of that place. In 1834 he removed to Boston, and in 1839 he became junior partner in the publishing firm of Ticknor, Reed & Fields, in which he later became the controlling partner. His charming personal qualities, his sympathy, his liberality to all with whom he dealt, and bis unquestionable literary judgment drew to him most of the best-known American authors of the time, and he became the publisher of Longfellow, Hawthorne, Emerson, Holmes, Whittier. nn.i Lowell, besides introducing Tennyson and Brown- ing to American readers even before their true worth was recognized in England. He edited the Atlantic Month!,/ from 1862 to 1S70. The last ten years of his life were spent in authorship and lecturing. His own published works include: Poems (1849-54); .4 I'm- Verses for „ / , »• Friends (1858); Yesterdays with Authors (1872) ; Hawthorne (lsVii) ; /,, „..,,/ Out of Doors with Charles Dickens (1876); and Underbrush, a volun f essays. He .- • 1 - . . edited, with Edwin P. Whipple, : Family Library of British Poetry (1877). Consult: Annie Adams Fields (his wife), Memoir of James T. Fields, by His • , 1881 ' . also hei luthors an, I Friends i 1806). — n: oms | (834— i. hi- wife, was born in Boston, Mass. Her publications include: 1 Shelf of Old Books; I nder the Olivi I 1880), a mil, tlOn of vers.'; Ho,r to II, lj, //,, /',„,,• (1883 The Singing Shepherd, and Other Poems i 1895) ; luthors n, "I Friends (1896); the Lift mat Let of Harriet Beeeher SStowe (1897); and Or- plu us, n Masque ( 1900). FIELD SPANIEL. See Spawiex. FIELD-SPORTS, or Track Athmttcs. The various sports and competitions practiced in the u uallj n„ a prepared tracft or eoui « ! mcluded under the general description of 1 principally ;is follows: rardsdash) (220 vard ■' l 100 i-ardsda I . Is iIumIi (440 yards dash] 94 FIERI FACIAS. six hundred and sixty yards dash (660 yards daaU One-hall mile run ( --,i , ar( j g ,.„,'/. One thousand yards run i o ard roni Running one, two, and five miles e id 5 miles! on,- hundred and twenty , ards hurdle. (120 i ;ir.|s hurdle) Two hundred and twenty lani* hurdle... (220 yards hurdle) I""* raring ; ,,,,, fl|H g| ' Sack rami- ,,, v ,. r hurdtes) One mile walk (1760 yar.l Running broad jump. Running high jump. Pole vaulting (j or Pole vaulting (for di Throwing: the sixteen pound hammer (16 lbs ) Throwing the fifty-six pound weight (56 lbs!) BieycUng.f rom one-quarter to five iiiiles. i nuy ard a— 5 miles) either outdoor sports such as cricket, football, fox-hunting, golf, hurling, lacrosse, paper-chase, etc., will be found described under their | titles. In 1884 the title of All Around Athletic Cham- pionship of America was instituted, the pro- gramme of which consists of ten events: the 100- yard dash, high jump, long jump, pole jump, throwing 16-pound hammer, putting 16-pound shot, throwing 50-pound weight, 120-yard hurdle race, half-mile walk, and one-mile run. The com- petitor scoring the highest percentage in the ten events wins the title of All-Around Champion. Competitons are held annually. The following measurements have been laid" down as a fair average of what the proper dimensions of an all-around athlete should approximate : HEIGHT w eighl Chest Waist Hips Thighs Calf ft. ill*. lbs. ins. ins. ins. ins. ins. 5 6 120 35 ■27 34 20 13Hi 5 8 140 37 28 3.-,io 21 14 5 10 1S5 39 29 37 22 UVi 6 168 40 31 38 23 15 See Athletics. FIELD WORKS. See Fortification. FIERABRAS, f a'ra 'bra', or FERUMBRAS. A paladin of Charlemagne, whose name gave the title to various romances of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. One version appears in Cax- ton's l.iif of the Noble and Christen /' Charles Hie Grete (14S5). Fierabras carried away from Rome the crown of thorns," and the balsam with which the body of Christ wa em balined. and which posseted healing properties of the greatest efficacy. FIERDING COURT or THING (Scotch ferding, farthing, fourth part, from AS. feorfing, fiorpling, farthing, from fee fourth). A district court of civil jurisdiction and of a popular character which existed among all the Germanic nations of western Europe be- fore the establishment of the feudal system ["here were four of these courts in every 'hun dred,' and their jurisdiction extended to aD causes where the matter in dispute did i peed the sum of three marks, or forty shillings There are no traces of this courl in English his tory niter the Conquest, but it probably sun ived in the courl baron or manorial court of a later day. All of those local and popular tribunals in course of time gave waj before the advance of the national organization for the administration of justice. See ( !i RJ A lIl'l.lS. FIERI FACIAS (Lat., cause to be di |. i>ne of the most ancient writs known to English law, taking iis name from two leading words in the mandatory clause of the instrument quod . ias •/■ donis et catallis that you cau I
