GRANARD. 121 GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. mendation of Queen Anne he was put in command of the Urufton (1709). After a splonilid. half- piratical encounter with the Genoese, he joined the .llies and was slightly wounded at Villa- vieiosa (1710). His capture of the Genoese fleet was disowned by the British Government, hut Forbes received £6000 for his share of the booty. After the Peace of Utrecht he commanded a fleet in the Mediterranean, and in 1719 was sent to 'ienna to carry out the scheme of Charles VI. to establish a great naval power in !N'aples or Sicily or on the Adriatic, but this came to nothing. He defended Gibraltar ( 1727) : became Governor of the l.,eeward Islands ( 1729) ; and in 1730 had a mad scheme to lead a col- ony to Lake Erie to act as a block against French invasion or encroachment from Canada. His last naval service was in 1731 in the iteditcr- ranean. Two years later he was sent as Jlinister to Russia, and made a commercial treaty with that power. In 1742 he retired from the navy because of a quarrel with the Ministry. In 1714 he had entered the House of Commons and had led the opposition to Robert Walpole : but he soon after- ■wards retired to p-ivate life. He married, in 1709. ilary. daughter of William Stewart; and on his death left a daughter and two sons, John (1714-96) and George, who succeeded him in the earldom. Consult Forbes, Memoirs of the Earls of Granard (London, 1858). GRAN'BERY, .John Cowper (1829—). An American clerg'man of the Southern Methodist Episcopal Church, bom at Norfolk, Va. He graduated at Randolph Macon College in 1848, entered the ilethodist ministry, and acted as chaplain in the Confederate Army. After preach- ing in Washington. Richmond, and Petersburg he became professor of moral philosophy and prac- tical theology in Vanderbilt University in 1875. and seven years later was elected a bishop in the Southern Methodist Church. His publications include: A Bible Dictionary (1885); Twelve Sermons (1896) ; and Experience, the Crowning Evidence of the Christian Religion (1900). GRAN'BTJRY. A town and the county-seat of Hood County. Tex.. 200 miles north of Austin, on the Brazos River and on the Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railroad (Map: Texas, F 3). It has cotton-gins, a flour-mill. etc.. and is surrounded by a farming district. Population, in 1890, 1164; in 1900, 1410. GRANTSY. A town of Shefford County, (Que- bec. Can., on a tributary of the Yamaska River, 41 miles southeast of Montreal by rail (Map: Quebec. D 5). It has manufacturing industries and abundant water-power. Population, in 1891, 1710: in 1901, 3773. GRANBY, .John Manners, :Marquis of ( 1721- 70). An English general, the eldest son of the third Duke of Rutland. Educated at Eton and Cambridge, he was at an early age elected mem- ber of Parliament for Grantham. In the rebel- lion of 1745 he raised a regiment of infantry, and accompanied the Duke of Cumberland into' Scot- lasd. Appointed colonel of the Horse Guards in 1755, in February, 1759, he received the rank of lieutenant-general, and soon after was sent to Germany, as second in command, under Lord George Sackville. of the British troops cooperat- ing with the King of Prussia. For his conduct after the battle of Mindeii he was appointed com- mander-in-chief of the British troops, holding that post during the remainder of the Seven Veais' War. and distinguishing himself in various engagements. In 1700, during his ab.sence with the army, he was appointed a member of the Privy Council. After the peace of 1763 he was constituted master-general of the ordnance, and in 1766 commander-in-chief of the army. He died at Scarborough. GRAN CANARIA, griin ka-nii're-ii. One cf the Canary Islands (q.v. ), among which it ranks third in size and second in jiopulation, situated 74 miles from the northwest coast of Africa. It is almost circular in shape, with an area of 523 square niilt-s. It is of ancient volcanic origin, with a number of extinct craters, none of which have been active within historical times. It is rugged, mountainous, and picturesque. The coasts fall in most places abruptly into the sea, and in general the land rises in terraces to the interior. In Los Pcchos it reaches a height of 6430 feet. The climate of the island is delight- ful, and one of the most healthful in the world, ranging from 00" in winter to 80° in summer. The vine is one of the principal plants cultivated, and some coffee is grown, but the chief occupa- tions of the inhabitants, who in 1900 numbered 128,059, chiefly concentrated around the capital, Las Palmas (q.v.). are fishing, commerce, and the caring of tourists, who annually number from 60,000 to 70,000. It was not until 1483, seventy-eight years after the first landing of Bethencourt, that the brave islanders were finally subdued by the Spaniards. GRAN CAPITAN, kii'pe-tan', Ei, (Sp.. The Great Captain). A surname of the famou-s Span- ish soldier Gonsalvo Cordova. GRAN CHACO. See CnAco, El Gran. GRAND, Sarah. The assumed name of Fran- ces Elizabeth Clarke, an English novelist. She was born in Ireland of English parents, and mar- ried, at the age of sixteen, Lieutenant-Colonel McFall of the English Army, whom she accom- panied in his travels in the East, visiting India, China, and .Japan. At the age of twenty-six she wrote Ideala. which was followed by The Hcrivcn- hi Tu-ins (1893). The latter book, to which she owes her reputation, was completed at a much earlier date, but could not find a publisher for several years. She has also published a collection of stories entitled Our Manifold 'Nature (1894) ; The Beth Book (1897): The Modern Man and Maid (1808): and Babs the Impossible (1900). GRAND ALLIANCE. A league formed in 1701 by England, the Netherlands, and the Ger- man Emperor, joined later by Prussia, Portugal, and Savoy, to prevent the union of the crowns of France and Spain under the Bourbon Dynasty. See France; Succession Wars, paragraph on the War of the ffpnnish Sucrcsfsion. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. A patriotic society organized in Decatur, 111., on April 6, 1866. Its existence is primarily due to Dr. B. F. Stephenson and Chaplain W. j'. Rut- ledge, of the Fourteenth Illinois Infantry, who, in February, 1864, conceived the idea of its formation. The principal objects of the order are to maintain and strengthen the fraternal feelings which bind together the soldiers, sailors, and marines who united to suppress the Rebellion: to perpetuate the memory and history of those who have died; and to lend assistance to the needy
