PINOCHLE. 42 The game above described is the oripinnl single pinoclile, but the modern and nmrc t;c'ncraily adopted <,Mnie is played with a specially pre- pared pinochle pack of cards, or with two packs of cards, ol which only Ihe ace, king, queen, knave, ten, and nine of each pack are kept — a total of 48 cards in all. The dealer deals four cards at a time, until each player has twelve, the next or twenty-fifth card being turned up for Inuiip and i)Iaced exposed by the side of the undialt cards. The sciirin}.' is the same as in the iddcr game, except thai 1000 |ioints are game, and the value of annoumcmcnts as fol- lows: Eight aces 1000; eight kings 800; eight quecn.s COO; eight knaves 400; double pinochle (i.e. two queens .of spades and two knaves of diamonds) ."iOO; ace, ten, king, queen, and knave of trimips I.'iO; four aces of diflerent suits 100; four kings of diflerent suits 40; pinochle (i.e. queen of spades and knave of diamonds) 40; king and queen of trumps (styled a royal mar- riage) 40: king and queen of any suit not trumps (styled a m;iril;ige) 20. Generally speaking, the laws of beziipie will be found to govern most matters of detail in pinochle. In the three-handed game, all the cards are dealt by four at a time, the last card being turned up for trumps. Should a nine be turned up, the dealer scores 10 points; but where that does not happen, either of the other players holding a nine of trumjjs may exchange it for tile trump caril and claim the 10 points, the eldest hand having j)n'ccdcncc. Kacli player melds or announces whatever he has in hand, but no niidded ]ioints are added to the score luilil the player has taken a trick. Four-handed pinochle is played in the .same manner as for three players, except that, to prevent the eldest hand getting information which would influence his play, no melds are permitted imtil he has led a card for the fitst trick, after which he may announce his melds. Each of the other players nnist first play to the first trick before declaring the melds. PINON, pen'yAn. A kind of pine (q.v.). PINOS, pe'nfis. A town of the State of Zacatecns. Mexico. 05 miles southeast of the capital of the State (Map: Mexico. 11 6). It is in the midst of an important mining region, with extensive gold and silver deposits, and manufactures large quantities of mescal. Its municipal population in ISOo was 818.3. PINSK. A district town in the Government of Minsk. Russia, situated in a marshy region on the Pina, aboit lO.'j miles east of Brest- Litovsk (Map: Riissia. C 4). It has a Roman Catholic church of the fourteenth century, a realschule, and manufactures of matches, lum- ber, and leal her. The conuuercial importance of the town has greatly decreased since the con- struction of the Policssie railways. Population, in 1S07, 28.028. Pinsk is mentioned as earlv as the eleventh century, and was formerly the capital of a separate principality. PINSUTI, pf-n-.sno't< Tiro (1S20-88). An Italian-English teacher of singing and composer, born in Siena, lie studied under his father, and played in public at the age of ten. Subsequently he went to England under the auspices of the cele- brated Henry Dnmimond. and studied the piano- forte and composition under Potter and the violin PINTO. under Blagrove. In 184.5 he entered the Con- servatorio of Uologna, where he became Rossini's favorite pupil. In 1848 be returned to England, and gave singing lessons in homlon and New- castle. He was also appointed in 1850 professor of singing at the Roj'al Academy of Music, London. His compositions include several indilTerently successful operas, pianoforte pieces, and over two hundred Englisli and Italian songs, choruses, and part songs. His fame chielly rests upon his songs. In England he was regarded as prac- tically a native composer, largely through his appeal to the national spirit in such songs as "Where are the Boys of the Old Brigade?" He died in Florence. PINTA. The name of one of the three cara- vels in which Columbus made his first voyage to America. It was commanded by Martin Alonso Pinzon. PINTA'DO. See Petrel. PINTAIL, or Si-ringtail Buck. A common, widespread, and highly esteemed duck (Da/ila actitij), characterized by the long tapering tail of the drake. It is about equal in size to the mallard, but more slender. The head is brown, with a white line on each side extending down the neck; the back and sides marked with wav- ing lines of black and grayish-white; the lower parts white; the elongated central tail feathers black. It is a native of all the northern parts of the world, migrates southward in winter, and is a regular visitant of m;iny parts of the At- lantic coa.sts. It also frequents fresli-waler lakes and ponds, and is eonuuon in winter in the valley of the iiississip))i. It breeds from Iowa northward, but chielly in the interior, and is not known as a summer resident anywhere on the Atlantic coast. Its winter range cxtemls southward to the Mediterranean and the Gulf of Mexico, and even to Africa and the West Indian islands. Consult Baird et al.. Water liirtln of North America (Boston, 1884). Some other birds having long sharp tails are called 'pintails' by s|)ortsmen. as. especially, one of the European sand-grouse fPteroclcs setarius). See Plate of Eggs of Water and Game Birds. PINTO, pf-n'tS. See Serpa Pixto. PINTO, Fernao ^Wendes (1.509 or 1510-83). A Portuguese traveler and the first white man to visit Japan. He was born at Montcmor-o-Velho (Beira). Embarking for the East Indies, his ship was captured by the Turks and he was sold as a slave. According to his own account, his adventures were vei-y wonderful. He spent twenty-one years in Asia and Africa, was thir- teen times taken prisoner and seventeen times sold as a slave. While returning in a pirate junk from Coehin-China to China, his vessel was sepa- rated from her com])anions, and after twenty- three days on the open sea he sighted the island of Tane (Tanega.shima), one of the Loo-choo isl- ands (q.v.), where the strangers were welcomed and given a house. They surprised the people by their firearms, which the Japanese ((uickly imitated, making over 600 guns within five and a half months, and on one of his three later visits to Japan Pinto found fireariiis in a great many places. To this day, anmng .Tapanese country folk, a pistol is called Tancgashima. Hokusai (q.v.) pictured Pinto and his compan- ions with their firearms in his albums. Re-
