QTJIN. 617 QUINCKE. John Brute in The Provoked Wife. In 1734-35 he returned to Drury Lane, and until the ap- pearance of Garriek in 1741 he was, by universal consent, the first actor in England. In 1751 he withdrew from the stage as a regular actor and made his home at Bath, where he died. There is an unreliable Life of Mr. James Quin, Comedian, With the History of the Stage from His Com- mencing Actor to His Retreat to Bath, etc. (Lon- don, 1766; reprinted ib., 1887). Consult also Doran, Annals of the Stage (ed. Lowe, London, 1SS8) ; Gibber's Apology (ed. Bellcbambers, Lon- don, 1822) ; Davies, Life of Garriek (London, 1780). QtriNAULT, ke'nu', Philippe (1635-88). A French librettist and dramatist, born in Paris, June 3, 1635. He wrote lyric tragedy, for which the music was furnished by LuUi. Quinault was precocious, his first play having been produced in 1653, and his earliest comedies are among his best: Les rivales; L'amant indiscret (1654) ; Le fantome amoureuai (1659); La mere coquette (1665). His tragedies and tragicomedies are slight. Psyche, the first of his lyric dramas (1671), was written in collaboration with Mo- li&re and Corneille. After this he devoted liim- self almost entirely to libretto- work, remarkable for its ingenious artistry. In this kind his mas- terpieces are .l7iiadis {imi), Roland (1685), and. best of all, Armide (1686). In 1687 Lulli died and Quinault began to write on the Destruction of Heresy, a poem which he did not live to com- plete. His works were edited in 5 vols. ( 1739 and 1778) ; Selected Works {S2i-42) . Consult Fournel, Les contemporains de iloliire (3 vols., Paris, 18(53-75). QUINCE ( variant of obsolete Eng. quine, from OF. coin, Fr. coign, quince, from Lat. cydonium, from Gk. KvSwtiov, kydOnion, quince, Cydonian, sc. firfKov, melon, apple, from Kuown'a. Kydonia, KuSuKs, Kydonis, Cydonia, an ancient city of Crete), Pyrus Cydonia. A shrub or small QUI>"CE. crooked tree of the order Rosaceie, closely related to the apple and pear, which it resembles in leaf, flower, and fruit, but with solitary ter- minal flowers on the present season's growth. Since the quince cannot be eaten raw, it has a restricted use, and although cultivated for more than 2000 years, it has developed few varieties. It is chiefly employed as a preserve, for jellies, and for flavorings in other fruit preparations. Certain varieties, notably the Anglers, are ex- tensively employed as a stock for dwarfing pears. The quince is propagated by cuttings or mound layers. It thrives best on strong, rententive, well- drained soil. The trees are set 15 feet apart each way, given clean culture, and headed in suffi- ciently to hold the leading branches in check and to thin the fruits, which, since they ripen late, should not be gathered until after early frosts. They must be as carefully handled as pears. The most extensive and profitable orchards in the United States are located in western Xew York. Consult ileech. Quince Culture (Xew York, 189C). QUINCE CUKCULIO. The larva of a weevil, as Conotrachelus cratosgi, which attacks the quince and related trees. Its habits and treat- ment are described in the following article on quince insects. QUINCE INSECTS. The quince is attacked by many uf the insects which have the general habit of feeding upon rosaceous plants, and es- pecially very many of those forms which are found upon pears and apples, although it is rather less susceptible than either of these fruits. The quince scale {Aspidiotus cydoniw) is found upon the quince tree in the Southern United States. It is grayish in color, somewhat re- sembling the San josg scale, but is more trans- parent and is very convex in form. The quince curculio [Conotrachelus cratwgi) is a species closely related to the plum curculio, although diS'ering in general appearance. It is a broad- shouldered snout-beetle, larger than the plum cur- culio and having a longer snout. It is ash-gray in color, mottled with ochre and whitish, and with a dusky subtriangular spot at the base of the thorax above. It is indigenous to the L'nited States, and appears in the month of .lune, puncturing the young fruit, and making a cylindrical hole in which the egg is placed. The egg hatches in a few days, and the larva burrows in the fruit near the surface. It be- comes full-grown in a month and falls to the ground, bury- ing itself to a depth of from two to three inches, remaining there through the winter, and transforming to pupa early in ilay. The pupa stage is short, and the adult beetle emerges almost as soon as the fruit is set. The adult also feeds upon the quince, burying itself com- pletely in the pulp of the fruit. It occasional!}' attacks the pear. Among the caterpillars which feed upon quinces the bag- worm (q.v.) is perhaps the most destructive. QUIN'CKE, Georo Hermaxx (1834—). A German pliysicist, born in Frankfort-on-the-Oder. He received the degree of doctor of philosophy in 1858 in the University of Berlin, after having studied at this university and also at Konigsberg and Heidelberg. He became privat-docent at the
