BEDGAUNTLET. 769 RED JACKET. ingly into the hands of his uncle, an ardent Ja- cobite, and is forced into the plot to restore the Pretender, Charles Edward. After the failure, Mr. Redgauntlet follows the Pretender to France, where he retires to a monastery. Sir Arthur, now in possession of his estate, bestow.s his sister on his faithful friend and rescuer, Alan Fairford. KED'GRAVE, Rich.rd (1804-88). An Eng- lish genre and landscape painter, born in London. After exhibiting the "River Bent, Near Hanwell" at the Royal Academy in 1825, he was admitted to its schools the following j'ear. In 1850 he was made Royal Academician. He was head master of the school of design in 1848 and art superin- tendent in 1852. In 1857 he was made inspector general of art schools and surveyor of Crown po- sitions, holding the latter position until 1880. Among his paintings are "Gulliver on the Farm- er's Table" ( 18.37 ) ; "Quinten Matsys, the Black- smith at Antwerp" (1839); "Ophelia" (1842), one of his best figure pictures; "Country Cou- sins" (1848, National Gallery); and "Hidden Among the Hills" (1881). Redgrave is author oi An Elementary Manual of Colom (1803). His brother. Saiiuel (1802-76), studied architecture at the Royal Academy in 1833, but is best kno^vn as a manager of a number of important art exhi- bitions, and especially as an author on art topics. Assisted bv his brother, he published A Century of Painters of the EnijUsh School (1806). He also prepared a Dictionary of Artists of the Brit- ish School (1874). BEDHEAD. A numerous and widespread American duck (Aythya Americana) , closely al- lied to the canvasback, but differing from it in having the head chestnut red and in other par- 1. BEAE OF CANVASBACK. 2. BEAK OF BEDHEAD. ticulars given under Caxvasback (q.v.) ; also in the shorter bill, as illustrated herewith. They api^ear in great numbers in spring and fall, espe- cially about fresh-water marshes, assembling in large migratory flocks and keeping close together; l>ut they are strong, hardy birds and swift fliers. Early in March they hasten northward to breed- ing places in Canada. They are excellent eating, and are constantly substituted by dishonest gun- ners and caterers' for the highly prized canvas- back. Consult: Elliot, WiUlfonl of the United States and British Possessions (New York, 1898); Job, Among the Waterfowl (New York, 1902) : and books relating to shooting. BED'HOUSE, Sir James William (1811-92). An English Orientalist and diplomat, born near London, and educated at Christ's Hospital. He entered the employ of the Turkish Government as a draughtsman in 1826. and in 1838, after va- rious travels, became translator to the Grand Vizier. In 1854 he was appointed Oriental translator to the British Foreign Office, and in 1857 at Paris he took a prominent part in the treaty with Persia. His great work, a dictionary of Pe'rsian, pure Turkish, and .rabic, was left un- finished and in manuscript. His published works include: Orammaire rcisonce de la langue Otto- mancB (1846) ; A Dictionary of Arabic and Per- sian Words Used in Turkish (1853); English- Turkish and Turkish-English Dictionary (1856) ; Lexicon of English and Turkish (1861) ; History, System, and Varieties of Turkish Poetry (1880) ; and a version of MerlSna's Mesneri (1881). REDINTEGRATION (Lat. redintegratio, from rcdinlrgnni , to restore, from red-, re-, back again, anew -j- integrare, to make whole, from integer, entire, from in-, not -4- tangere, to touch). A term first introduced into the psy- chology of association (q.v.) by Hamilton, for w'hom it meant the reinstatement, through tlie suggestion of one element, of all the elements which had previously constituted an act of cog- nition. A tendency has, however, arisen in mod- ern psychology' to restrict the word to those cases of association in which a constituent part of an original situation associatively reinstates the to- tal situation. James calls such cases "impartial redintegration.' Whether impartial redintegra- tion ever occurs in complete form is more than doubtful; as a functional type of the reproducing consciousness it may, however, be usefully dis- tinguished from 'mixed' association and 'focal' association. Consult: Hamilton, Lectures on Metaphysics, vol. ii. (Edinburgh. 1859) ; Reid's Works, vol, ii., Notes, edited by Hamilton (ib., 1863) ; James, Principles of Psychology (New York, vol. i., 1890) : Hodgson, Metaphysics of Experience (London, 1898). BED JACKET. A village in Houghton Coun- ty, Mich., 14 miles north of Houghton; on the Mineral Range, the Cojjper Range, the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul, and the Chicago and Northwestern railroads (Map: Michigan. El). It is noted for its mining interests, being situated in the highly productive cop])er region of north- ern Michigan. Population, in 1890, 3073; in 1900. 4668. BED JACKET (Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, Tie keeps them awake') (c.1751-18.30) . A celebrated chief of the Seneca Indians. He received his English name in reference to the great pride he took in a scarlet jacket given to him shortly after the Revo- lution, by an English officer. During the Revo- lution he" fought on the side of the English, and in 1784 bitterly opposed the Treaty of Fort Stan- wix. by which the Iroquois ceded some of their land to the United States. Though originally without rank in his tribe, he .soon, through his eloquence in council, Ix'came one of the principal chiefs. In 1810 be gave the United States Gov- ernment some valuable information concerning the schemes of Tecumseh, and during the war on the frontier (1811-14) assisted the United States troops. Subsequently he became a confirmed drunkard, and for this and other reasons was deposed by a council of chiefs in 1827, but was soon restored to his old rank. He was never prominent as a warrior and seems to have been a coward, lint as an orator he was unrivaled, and in council had the greatest influence. By many he has l)een considered the most eloquent speaker the Indian race ever produced. Though at first in favor of the education of his people, he subse- quently changed his mind and became the bitter- est opponent of schools and of Christianity. He has been called "the last of the Senecas," he having been the last of that tribe's great chiefs.
