SHEPLEY. 76 SHERIDAN. of New Orleans he was appointed its military ouimiKUidant and mayor, but resigned this office in June to accept that of military Governor of Louisiana, which he held until the inauguration of a civil government in 1804. He commanded the Twenty- fifth Army Corps during a brief ab- sence of General Godfrey Weitzel, and in 1865 he became Military Governor of Richmond, Va. From 186!) until his death he was United .States circuit judge for the First Circuit of Maine. ' SHEPPAED, Jack (1702-24). A notorious Eugli>h iriiiiinal. He was born at Stepney and was originally a carpenter, but became a high- wayman in 1720. His adventurous career, which includes two daring escapes from Newgate, has been popularized by a painting by Thornhill. by pantomimes,, in a history written by Defoe (1724), and by a novel by Ainsworth (1839). He was hanged at Tyburn. SHER'ATON, Thomas (1751-1806). An Eng- lish caliinet-maker and designer of furniture, born at Stockton-on-Tees. Almost entirely self-taught, he became a well-educated man, an excellent draughtsman with a thorough knowledge of geometry, as proved by the wonderful drawings and the minute directions for perspective drawing given in his book The Cabinet-Maker and Uphol- sterer's Drawing Book (1791), published in Lon- don, whither he had removed about 1790. Not remarkable as a practical cabinet-maker, his fame rests chiefly on his designs, which tended to replace the characteristics of earlier English cabinet work by a severer taste in lines and orna- ment. Besides the above-named work he pub- lished The Cabinet Dictionary (1803); Designs for Household Furniture (1804); and The Cab- inet Maker, Upholsterer, and General Artist's Encyclopeedia (1807, unfinished). Consult: Litchfield, Illustrated History of Furniture (London. 1892) ; Heaton, Furniture and Decora- tion in England During the Eighteenth Century (ib., 1890-93) ; and Morse, Furniture of the Olden Time (New York. 1902). SHERBROOKE, sher'bruk. The capital of Sherbrooke County, Quebec, Canada, at the junc- tion of the Saint Francis and Jlagog rivers, and on the Boston and JIaine, the Canadian Pacific, the Quebec Central, and the Grand Trunk rail- roads, 101 miles east of Montreal (Map: Quebec, D 5). It has saw and grist mills, cotton and woolen mills, and manufactures of paper, ma- chinerv. flannel, and worsted goods, etc. Popu- lation." in 1891, 10,110; in 1901, 11,765. SHERBROOKE, Sir John Coape (1764- 1830). An Englisli general, born in Notting- hamshire. He entered the army as an ensign in 1780: served in Nova Scotia and South Africa; assisted in the storming of Seringapatam, where he was wounded; and in 1805 attained the rank of major-general. He was second in command in Wellesley's campaign of 1809: fought at the Douro. at Talavera, and elsewhere in Spain; and in 1811 was made a lieutenant-general and was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia. In 1814 he led into Maine an expedition which captured Castine and Belfast, defeated an Ameri- can force at Hampden and forced them to burn the frigate John Adams, took Bangor, and occu- pied a considerable part of eastern Maine. In 1816 he was made Captain-General and Gov- ernor-in-Chief of all Canada, but in 1818 suffered a paralytic stroke and shortly afterwards re- turned to England, where he died. SHERBROOKE, Viscount. See Lowe, KOBKUT. SHERE (sher) or SHER (sher) ALI, U'le (1825-79). Ameer of Afghanistan. He was a younger son of Dost Mohammed (q.v.), whom he succeeded in accordance with his father's will as Ameer in 1863. The neglect to recognize him and carelessness in cultivating his friendship on the part of the viceroys of India turned him against the English. His throne was contested by his brothers and his nephew-, but he overcame tiiem all by 1869. It had been the policy of Lords Lawrence and JIayo to keep out of Afghan affairs, but Lord Lytton in 1878 adopted a more aggressive policy on the reception of a Russian embassy by the Ameer, and demanded that an English resident be admitted to Kabul. This brought on the second Afghan war, in the course of which, in December, 1878, Shere Ali left his country and took refuge in Turkestan, where he died in February, 1879. See Afghanistan. SHER'ID AN, Frances (1724-66). An Eng- lish novelist, the wife of Thomas Sheridan, the actor, and the mother of Richard Brinsley Sheri- dan, the statesman and dramatist. Her father was Philip Chamberlaine, a prebendarj- and archdeacon. She married in 1747. When only fifteen years old, she wrote a romance entitled Eugenia and Adelaide, which was dramatized many years later by her daughter. Helped bj' Samuel Richardson (q.v.). she brought out Memoirs of Miss Sidncn/ Bidulph (1761, 1767), which was reckoned one of the best novels of the time. It was turned into French by the Abbe Provost, the translator of Pamela. An Oriental tale called The History of 'Sourjahad (posthumous, 1767) was likewise successful and honored by translation. Mrs. Sheridan also wrote three comedies: The Discovery (1763); The Dupe (1764) ; and A Journey to Bath, con- taining Jlrs. Twyfort. prototypical of the famous Jlrs. Malaprop "(q.v.) of The Rivals. Consult Alicia Lefanu, Memoirs of Mrs. Frances Sheri- dan (London. 1824). SHERIDAN, Philip Henkt (1831-88). A distinguished American soldier, born at Albany, N. Y. He graduated at West Point in 1853. In May, 1862, he was appointed colonel of the Second Michigan Cavalry, and participated, with success, in the operations in north ilississippi. In Jul.y he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers and given command of the Division and the Army of the Ohio, and on October 8th took a distinguished part in the battle of Perry- ville. At the battle of Stone River (or Murfrees- boro) he conunanded a division of the Army of the Cumberland, and by his stubborn resistance was instrumental in saving the Federal army from being routed. He was appointed major- general of volunteers early in 1863, took part in the pursuit of Van Dorn. and aided in the capture of Winchester. Tenn.. June 27. 1863. In the battle of Chickamauga he main- tained his reputation for daring, and later took a conspicuous part in the battles around Chattanooga, where he came under the personal obsen'ation of General Cirant. In April. 1864, General Sheridan was transferred by General
