SHERMAN. 81 SHERWOOD FOREST. brief scrvico at Saint Louis he was in Fcbruarv, 1SG2. assigiu'il to the Army of the Tenness<'o, and in April took a conspicuous part in tlie battle of Shiloh. liaving three horses shot under him and being liimsclf severely wounded. He dis- played sueh judgment and skill in tliis battle as to cause General Grant to say of liim ollieially: "To his individual ell'orts I am indebted for the success of that battle." He was commissioned major-general of volunteers and rendered distin- guished service in the operations against Corinth. In July lie was sent by General Grant to take conunand at Memphis, which had just fallen into the hands of the Federal forces, and shortly thereafter he began his campaign against Vicks- burg. In trying to reach Vicksburg from the rear by the Yazoo River he was defeated and driven back at Chickasaw Bayou, but later ren- dered important service which euntrilmted even- tually to the capture of the city. In .July. 1S63, he was made a brigadier-general in the Regular Army. His command was now transferred to Tennessee, where he took an active part in the operations under General Grant which ended in the liattles around Chattanooga (November), im- mediately after which he forced Longstreet to raise the siege of Knoxville. In .January, 1S64, he returned to Mississippi and soon thereafter made his famous raid across the State from Jackson to Meridian and back again, destroying the railroads. Confederate stores, and other prop- erty, and desolating the coxmtry along the line of march. When Grant was appointed Commander- in-Chief of the armies of the United States he assigned Slierman to the command of the Mili- tary Division of the Mississippi, embracing the Departments of the Ohio, the Tennessee, the C'Timberland, and the Arkansas, with temporary lieadquarters at Nashville, and with instructions to undertake the capture of Atlanta. In May, 1S64. his army, about 100.000 strong, set out from Chattanooga for the inasion of Georgia. The Confederates under .Johnston were engaged with Shernum's army at Dalton. Resaca, Cassville, Dallas, and Kenesaw Mountain, but were compelled to retreat before his advance. Finally Atlanta was attacked, and after a siege of forty days, marked by several sharp battles, the city was evacuated on September 1st. Gen. John B. Hood, wlio had superseded General John- ston in command, now moved back to Tennessee, leaving the way open for Sherman's advance through Georgia to the sea. In November Sher- man set out for Savannah with his army stretched out at times for a length of fiO miles. The countrv along the line of march Avas almost devastated. By Decemlier 1.3th he had readied Savannah, which surrendered on December 21st. Already on August 12 he had been appointed major- general in the Regular Army and now received the thanks of Congress for his 'triumphal march.' In February he resumed his march, turning northward through South Carolina. On February 17, 1805, his army entered Columbia, and on the same day the Confederates evacu- ated Charleston, which was occupied on the following day by the Federal forces. He then pushed northward into North Carolina, General .Joseph E. .Johnston attempting ineflectu- ally to check his progress. Johnston's spirited attack at Bentnnville on March inth was re- pulsed, and a few days later Shei-man and Scho- lield efTected a junction at Goldslioro. On April 2('itli Sherman rcieived the surrender of General Johnston at Durham's Station, but the terms of suiTender were regarded by the Government as too lenient and as including matters otlier than mili- tary, and were accordingly disapproved. From tlie close of the war until .March, 1800, General Sherman was commander of the Military Division of the Mississip])i, with headquarters at Saint houis. Upon the appointment of (iiant as full general in .July, ISOO, Sherman was promoted to be lieutenant-general, and when tirant became President of the United States, March 4, 1809, Sherman succeeded him as general. He retired from the army on full pay in February, 1884, and died in New York on February 14. 1891. His 3Iemoifs were published in 1875 ( New York, 2 vols.). His correspondence with his brother, Senator Sherman, appeared in 1894 (New York). A short biography has been written by General Planning F. Force (New Y'ork. 1899). "in 1903 a magnificent monument to the great commander, the work of Saint Gaudens, was unveiled at the main entrance to Central Park, New York City, and a fine equestrian statue was set up in Wash- ington, D. C. SHERWOOD, sher'wud. Mary jMartha ( li7o-lSo] I. An English author, eldest daughter of George Butt, chaplain to George III., born at Stanford, Worcestershire. In her girlhood she learned Latin and wrote stories, publishing her first book in 1794. In 1803 she married her cousin. Captain Henry Sherwood, vith whom she went out to India. On their return to England they settled at Wick, near Worcester, and after- wards moved to Twickenham. Captain Sherwood died in 1849. Throughout her life Mrs. Sher- wood devoted much time to charit.y. Her books, numbering nearly one hundred, comprise mostly tracts and short stories with a strong religious bent. It is said that the children of middle class life in England were brought up on The Histori/ of the Fairchild Famili/. a collection of stories calculated to shoie the Importance and Effect of a reliffioiis Education (part i.. 1818; part ii., 1842; part iii.. 1847). Extremely popu- lar were Susan Gray and Little Henri/ and His Bearer. Her stories were translated into many languages. Consult ^^'orks (New Y'ork, 1855)'; Life, by Mrs. S. Kelly (London, 1854). SHERWOOD, RosiNA (Emmet) (1857—). An American artist, born in New York City. She studied under William Chase and afterwards in Paris under Julien. She first became knoyn as an illustrator, and then as a painter, both in oil and water colors. She was awarded a medal at the Paris Exposition of 1889, in Chicago in 189.3, and exhibited in Paris in 1900. SHERWOOD, William Hall (1854—). An American pianist and teacher, born in Lyons, N. Y'. His education was under the leading masters, both of the United States and Europe. For several years he was teacher of the piano at the New England Conservatory, after which he went to New York and in 18S9'made Chicago his home. He became head of the piano faculty of the Chicago Conservatory, resigning that posi- tion in 1897 to establish the Sherwood Piano School. His compositions are principally for the pianoforte. SHERWOOD FOREST. A stretch of hilly country in the west of Nottinghamshire, England,
