SHIP'S PAPERS. 107 SHIRAZ. (q.v.), or permission from the authorities to sail. (8) Muster roU, or list of crew. (9) Shipping articics (q.v.). (10) Bill of health (q.v.). (Ill Bill of sale (if ship has been sold by citizens of one country to citizens of another) lopethcr with consular certificate. (12) Certifi- cate of inspection. (13) Officers' licenses. (14) Passenger list (if passengers are carried) . (15) License to carry on a particular trade (fishing, carrying oil, explosives, etc.). The evidence of nationality of United States vessels is contained in (a) register ior ioreigii trade; (b) certificate of enrollment for coasting vessels; (c) license tor enrolled vessels; (d) /ieoisf for vessels under 20 tons; (e) licoise for fishing vessels; (f) sea letter or passport issued by a collector of a port to certify to national character and ownership of vessel; (g) consul's certificate for foreign vessel purchased abroad by American citizens. In foreign countries the evidence is found as fol- lows: Austria, in rogal license and certificate of registrg: Great Britain, certificate of regis- trg: Brazil, Portugal, and Sweden, passport; Denmark, certificate of nationiility and registry ; Germany and Xorway, certificate of nationality ; Russia and Spain, patent authorizing the use of flag. The register, certificate of registry, or equivalent document should contain the following information: Name and character of vessel, name of country to which it belongs, dimensions of vessel (including tonnage, masts, number of decks, etc. ) , rig, date of building, name of mas- ter, name of owner or owners, date of registry, number (international signal code), and signa- tures and seals of the officials issuing the docu- ment. SHIPTON, JIoTHEH. A reputed English prophetess of the time of Henry VIII. The state- ments concerning her personal histoiy are con- flicting and of slight value. Very probably she is a purely fictitious person whose name was made the vehicle of many supposed prophecies. She is first heard of in 1G41. when The I'rophccie of Mother iShipton, an anonymous tract, was pub- lished in London. Her reputation extended over the kingdom, and chap-books and pamphlets pur- porting to be collections of her prophecies ap- peared frequently. The larger numlier of these were undouljtedly inventions. In 1802 one Charles Hindley reprinted an earlier so-called life of Mother Shipton, inserting some doggerel verses of his own, in which he described certain things that had happened and wound up with the declaration that the world would come to an end in 1881. Hindley in 1873 acknowledged that the verses were a hoax. Consult Harrison, Mother i^hipton Investigated (London, 1881). SHIP-WORM, or Teredo. An aberrant or much modified lamellibranch mollusk of the fam- ily Teredinida", so called from being worm-like in general shape, and from boring into the hulls below the water line of vessels. The animal is several inches to three feet in length. The shell itself is much reduced, equivalve. widely ga])ing, and only covers a part of the animal. The man- tle of the animal secretes a calcareous lining to the burrow. Teredo navalis is said to be cosmo- politan, and is the most abundant species on our coast. Several species habit the eastern coast of the L'nited States. The ship-worm besides honey- combing the logs of wharves, piles, and injuring fish-pounds and traps, as well as lobster-pots, has Vol. XTIII.— 8. been a serious pest of wooden ships; for thia reason ships have had to be sheathed with cop- per. Its mode of boring has not been satisfac- A 8HIPWORM {Teredo navalis). Timber bored by the moHusk ; t. tube ; sli, shell ; r, valves of shell ; f, foot ; c, collar ; p, pallets ; s, siphons. torily explained; it usually tunnels in the di- rection of the grain of the wood. Ship-worms are found in a fossil state first in Jurassic rocks, where their shells are found in burrows made by the animals in wood that is now petrified. They are found in similar situa- tions in the Cretaceous and Tertiary of North America* Europe, and Asia, but show little dif- ference from modern forms. Consult (;ould, Inrertehrates of Massachusetts (Boston, 1870) ; Verrill, Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Hound (Washington, 1874). SHIPWRECK. See Wreck. SHI'RAS, George, Jr. (1832—), An Ameri- can jurist. He was born in Pittsburg, graduated at Yale in 1853, and was admitted to the Penn- sylvania bar in 1856. In 1892 he was appoint- ed associate justice of the United States Su- preme Court by President Harrison, and although the nomination was opposed by the Peimsyh'ania Senators, it was confirmed. He retired in 1903. He was one of the Supreme Court justices who in 1894 decided against the constitutionality of the income tax. See Income Tax. SHIRAZ, she'raz. The capital of the Prov- ince of Farsistan, Persia, 112 miles from the Per- sian Gulf, and 35 miles southwest of ancient Per- sepolis (q.v.) (Map: Persia, E 6). It is built on a limestone ridge of the great West-Persian mountain system, 4750 feet above the sea, and is inclosed by walls nearly 4 miles in circumference. It has several fine mosques, a citadel, bazaars, col- leges, caravanserais, and other public buildings. The houses, which are chiefly built of stone, are superior in appearance to those of most other Persian towns. The adjoining plain is well watered, and is laid out in vineyards and in rose-gardens. The principal manufactures are silk, cotton, and woolen goods, rose-water, glass, and inlaid goods. The wine of Shiraz, w'hich is very strong and resembles Tokay, is famous throughout the East. Shiraz carries on trade with Yezd, Ispahan, and Bushire. receiving from the last town Indian and European goods. It contains a branch of the Imperial Bank of Per- sia. The city was founded in ..i). 097. and from its beautiful situation and fine climate became a favorite resort of the Persian ]irincos and luider Kerim Khan in 1760 the capital of Persia. Destructive earthquakes accompanied bv great loss of life in 1812. in 1824 and in 18.53, 'laid al- most the whole town in ruins. The city has been partially rebuilt in a somewhat inferior style, an'd its population is now estimated at from 30,000 to 50,000. Shiraz is celebrated for the number and eminence of the scholars and poets to whom it has given birth, and by whom its praises have been sung.
