SPINNING. 450 SPINNING. from the flats and they are rolled upon the rod, and the ilats are furtlicr cleaned by the brush. The carded cotton is taken from the cylinder by the doffcr cijlindcr, the latter havinf; a surface velocity somewhat less than that of the main cylinder, and is removed from the doffcr by the described. The drniring sliver is carried throush the trumpet and deposited in the can bv the coiler the same as from the card. This di-awin'j; process is repeated two or three times as the work may de- manil, always 'doublinf;' and 'drawins.' but with- out putting in any twist. After ithe drawing Top-flats Card-clothing Lap A Sliver- "can FlQ. 2. SECTION OF REVOLVING TOP-FLAT CARD. coiiih, D, in a thin evenly carded film; this film is drawn through the trumpet by the ealeiidcr- rolls, in a round strand about one inch thick called a sliver, which is automatically coiled in the sliver-can by the coiler. As all the processes are arranged to 'double' the mass of cotton and then to reduce the mass Drawing- rolls frames, the drawn sliver is placed in cans, behind the first of the roving frames which have rolls similar to the drawing frames, but have spindles by which the stock, then called rovin;/. is twisted and wound on bobbins. The first of the roving frames is called the slubber, and is heavier than the intermediates and fine frames, as the other Card sliver Drawing-sliver Drav^ing-rolls Fig. 3. DETAIL OF DRAWING PRINXIPLE. in size by 'drawing' it out to several times its original length until the yarn is finally produced, an examination of Fig. .3 will help the reader to understand how the "drawing' acts on the fibres. On the left is shown the sliver from the card, the cotton being in a more or less tangled condition, but after passing between the successive pairs of Drawing-rolls Trumpet •Roving Fleers BSpindles Bobbins Presser- ,foot Fig i. BECTION of drawing frame. drawiufi-roUs, 4.4', the last or right hand pair, revolving faster than the others, 'draws' the fibres past each other and straightens them, bringing them into a nearly parallel position. The card-sliver goes first to the drairing frame. Fig. 4, and four or six slivers, A, are combined by passing them through the drawing rolls as above Fig. 5. eECTio.N of roving frame. roving frames are designated. The full bobbins, A, from the slubber are placed in the creel of the intermediate frame, as shown in Fig. 5, and two strands combined are delivered to the rolls and drawn, the new strand of roving is carried to the top of the flyer, on the spindle B, is passed through one arm of the fiyer, which is hollow, and
