STANTON. 500 STANWIX. crime. In the following March he retired with the other members of the C.ibinet, but in Janu- ary, 1862, was recalled by Lincoln, and was given the portfolio of Secretary of War, in which office he shared with the President the burden of the vast war operations of the Government. His ad- ministration was marked by a course of integrity, comprehensive judgment, determination, and force which won for him the admiration of his countrymen, although at the same time provoking criticism on the part of his opponents. Shortly after the assassination of Presi- dent Lincoln, Stanton tendered his resigna- tion, but was induced by President Johnson to remain at the head of" the War Department. After the breach between President Johnson and Congress over the various questions growing out of the reconstruction of the Southern States, Stanton took sides against the President and supported Congress. The President called for his resignation on August 5, 1S67. Stanton re- fused to resign, on the ground that his withdraw- al would seriously interfere with the execution of the reconstruction acts, to which the President ■was strongly opposed, and was encouraged by leading men of the Republican Party to hold to the office. On the 12th of August the President suspended him, but Stanton still refused to sur- render the office, after which the President re- moved him in spite of the Tenure of Office Act li|.v. ), and designated a Secretary ad interim. Again Stanton refused to give up the office and continued to hold it until after the impeachment anil acquittal of the President, when he sent in his resignation and turned the office over to his successor. He then resumed the practice of his profession, but his health had been broken by his long and arduous labors. On December 20, 1869, President Grant nominated him an associate justice of the Supreme Court, and he was at once confirmed by the Senate. He died four days after this appointment. The most comprehensive Life is that by Gorham (2 vols., Boston, 1899). STANTON, Elizabeth (Cadt) (1815-1902). An American reformer and promoter of the woman's rights movement, born at .Johnstown, N. Y. She was educated at .Johnstown and at Troy, N. Y.. and married Henry B. Stanton (q.v.) , the anti-slavery reformer. She became interested in the anti-slavery and other reform movements at an early age, and through acquaintance with Lucretia Mott (q.v.) was led to sign the call for the first woman's rights convention, which was held in Seneca Falls, N. Y., in July, 1848. This convention made the first formal demand for the extension of the suffrage to women, and of the National Woman's Suffrage Association there formed Mrs. Stanton became the first president, retaining that office until 1893. From 1848 she devoted a greater part of her time to traveling from State to State, addressing political conven- tions. State Legislatures, and educational bodies in behalf of woman's rights. In 1868 she was a candidate for Congress. She was connected edi- torially with various reform periodicals, was a frequent contributor to magazines, and was joint author of A Histori/ of Woman's Suffrage (3 vols.. 1880-86). Eighty Years and More, an auto- biography, was published in 1895. STANTON, Frank Lkrry (18,57—). An American poet and jotirnalist, born at Charles- ton, S. C. After an apprenticeship as a printer, Stanton was connected editoriall.v with news- papers in Atlanta, and finally became an editor of the Atlanta Constitution. He contributed to many magazines, and some of his poems were col- lected in volumes such as Songs of the Soil (1894) and Comes One With a Song (1898). Stanton's verse, appearing at random, and mostly in newspapers, has distinct literary merit, in that it presents faithfully the folk-lore and crude poetry of the Southern negro. In this field, though at present less conspicuousl.v (especially in the North), his position is not unlike that of Joel Chandler Harris and Thomas Nelson Page. STANTON, Henry Brewster (1805-87). An American reformer and journalist, born in Gris- Wold, Conn. In the abolition movement he became prominent and allied himself with the political abolitionists in opposition to the followers of Wil- liam Llo.yd Garrison, who did not believe that any- thing could be accomplished by political action. In 1840 he married Elizabeth Cady. and proceed- ed to London, where he was secretary of the World's Anti-Slaver.y Convention. Later he studied law, and practiced first in Boston, and then in Seneca Falls, N. Y., being elected from the latter place to the State Senate in 1849 and 1851 as a Free-Soil Democrat. He took part in the organization of the Republican Party. In addi- tion to his connection with various anti-slavery papers, he was a member of the staff of the New York Tribune for several years, and was an editor of the New York /Si/ n 'from 1868 until his death. He published Sketches of Reforms and Reformers in Great Britain and Ireland (1849), and Ran- dom Recolleetions (1886). STANTON, Oscar Fitzalan (1834—). An American naval officer, born at Sag Harbor, N. V. He graduated at the V. S. Naval Academy in 1855, and after considerable service in Medi- terranean and African waters, cruised with the Pacific Squadron from December, 1860. to March, 1862. Promoted to be lieutenant-commander in June, 1862, he commanded the steamer Tioga of a squadron operating on the James and Poto- mac rivers, and from December, 1863. to Novem- ber, 1864, was with the West C4ulf Blockading Sqiadron in command of the Panola. After ordnance duty at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and some service with the East Gulf Blockading Squadron, he held the command of various ves- sels and served at the Norfolk Navy Yard, the United States Naval Station, the New London Naval Station, and at the N.aval Academ.v. In 1891 he was made commodore and in 1893 was given the command of the North Atlantic Station with the rank of acting rear admiral. In 1894 he was retired. STAN'WIX, .John (10901766). An Eng- lish soldier. He entered the army in 1706, and in 1756 he came to America as commander of the Sixtieth or Royal Americans, and was put in charge of the southern district ^vith headquarters at Carlisle, Pa. He was sent to Albany in 1758 and erected Fort Stanwix at the Oneida portage. At the time of Wolfe's expedition against Quebec Stanwix commanded in Pennsylvania and re- stored Fort Duquesne, now Pittsburg. He re- turned to England in 1760. and was appointed Governor of the Isle of Weight. He Was drowned while crossing the Irish Channel.
