SULLIVAN. 682 SULLY. He was admitted to the bar, and in 1770 was appointed King's attorney. In 1775 he was a member of the Massachusetts Provincial Con- gress, and was one of three commissioners dis- patched on a secret mission to Ticonderoga. From 177ti to 17S2 he was a judge of the Superior Court, and in 1784-85 a Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress. For many terms he was a member of the State Legislature, in 1787 was a member of the executive council, a probate judge, and from 1790 to 1807 was At- torney-General. In 1S07 and 1808 he was elected Republican Governor of Massachusetts. He pub- lished Observations on the Govertiment of the United States (1791), The Altar of Baal Throicn Down (1795), Impartial Review of the Causes of the French Revolution (1795). Consult the Life by T. C. Amory (Boston, 1859). SULLIVAN, .John (1740-95). An Ameri- can soldier, prominent in the Kevolutionary War. He was born at Berwick, Me., removed to Dur- ham, X. H., and there practiced law. In June, 1775, he was appointed brigadier-general liy Con- gress. During the siege of Boston, with General Greene, he conmianded the left wing under Gen- eral Lee, and on June 4, 1776, was placed in command of the army in Canada, whence, after being badly defeated at Three Rivers, he re- treated with great skill to New York. On August loth he became a major-general, and on the 27th served with distinction at the battle of Long Island (q.v. ), during which he was taken prisoner. He was exchanged and served in the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, and Germantown. In 1778 he ^^'as sent with a large force to act with D'Estaing against Newport, but the plan being abandoned, after decisively defeating the English at Butt's Hill on August 29th, he withdrew from Rhode Island. In 1779 he marched into western New York, and effectu- ally chastised the Iroquois, defeating them and their Tory allies at Newton (Elmira) on August 29th. Resigning from active duty late in 1779. he served in Congress in 1780-81, was Attorney- General of New Hampshire from 1782 to 178G, was President of the State from 1786 to 1789, and was United States district judge from 1789 to 1795. Consult his Life by Peabody in Sparks, American. Biof/raph;/ (series 2, vol. iii.) ; Amory, The Military Services and Public Life of General John Hullivan (Boston, 1868) ; and Journals of the Military Eicpedition Against the Six Na- tions (Auburn, N. Y., 1887). SULLIVAN, John Lawrence ( 1858 — ) . An American prize-fighter, born in Boston, Mass. In 1880 he defeated George Rooke, and two years afterwards he beat Ryan in nine rounds. In 1887 he foight a draw with Cardiff; in 1888 fought a draw with JMitchell at Chantilly, near Paris; and in the next year, in Mississippi, in a seventy-five round fight, defeated Kilrain, win- ning the American championship and a diamond belt offered by a sporting paper. In 1892 he met Corbett at New Orleans and was defeated in the twenty-first round, thereby losing the champion- ship title. In 1896 he w.as defeated liy Slinrkey in three rounds. SULLIVAN. TnoM.s Barry (1820?-91). A British tragedian, born in Birmingham. He was brought up in Cork, where he made his ap- pearance on the stage before 1840. He joined the company of the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, and re- mained there several seasons, advancing rapidly in his profession. In 1852 he appeared at the Haymarket Theatre, London, in Hamlet, the part in which he was on the whole most successful, though his Beverley in The Gamester was very highly praised. Consult Lawrence, Barry Sulli- van: A Biographical Sketch (1893). SULLIVAN, Thomas Russell (1849—). An American novelist and dramatist, born in Boston. He was educated at the Boston Latin School, passed the years 1870-73 in Europe, was then for fifteen years connected with a firm of Boston bankers as clerk and cashier, and after 1888 de- voted himself to literature. He wrote lioscs of Shadow (1885) ; Day and Night Stories (two se- ries, 1890 and 1893); Tom Sylvester (1893); .Irs et Vita (1898) ; The Courage of Conviction (1902); and several plays, of which tlie more noteworthy are The Catspaw (1881), a drama- tization of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886), and Merely Players (1886). SULLIVAN'S ISLAND. An island at the entrance to Charleston Harbor, the site of Fort Moultrie (q.v.). SUL'LIVANT, William Starling (1803-73). An American botanist, the founder of American bryology. He was born in Franklinton, Ohio, near Columbus, studied in Kentucky and in Ohio University, and- in 1823 graduated at Yale. In 1840 he published a Catalogue of Plants in the Vicinity of Columbus, Ohio, and thereafter specialized in the cryptogamous plants. Musci Alleghanicnscs (1845) was followed in 1846 and 1849 by contributions to the Memoiis of the American Academy of Sciences "On the Brj'ology and Hepaticology of North America," and by a valuable addition to Gray's Manual on the mosses of the Northern United States, published separately in 1856 as The Musci and HepaticcB of the United States East of the Mississippi River. In the same year, with the help of Les- quereux, he published .Musci Borcnli-Americani Escsiccati. Icones Muscornm. containing 129 val- uable copper plates, is probably Sullivant's great- est work. At the time of his death he was at work on a Manual of .Mosses. f SUL'LY, James (1842-). An English psy- chologist, born at Bridgewater, Somersetshire. He was educated at Independent College, Taun- ton, Regent's Park College. London, and at the universities of Giittingcn and Berlin. Until 1892 he served as lecturer in the College of Preceptors, London, and in that year became professor of the philosophy of mind and logic in University Col- lege, London. Sully published both general treat- ises and special studies in psycholog^^ the most important being: Outlines of Psychology, icith Special Reference to the Theory of Education (1884; 2d ed. 1885): Elements^ of Psychology (1886) ; The Human Mind: A Text-Rook of Psy- chology (1892); Studies of Childhood (1895): and Essay on Laughtnr : Its Forms, Its Causes, Its Development, and Its Value (1902). Sully became known as one of the most eminent of modern English psychologists; his work car- ries on the best traditions of the English school, but is characterized by its breadth and careful recognition of the development of psycholog- ical science on the Continent. SULLY, su'lp'. Maximilien de BETnuNE, Duke.de (1560-1641). The great Minister of
