104 STAT. 4086 PUBLIC LAW 101-625—NOV. 28, 1990 accordance with section 216(2) of this Act; and any agency or instrumentality thereof that is established pursuant to legislation and designated by the chief executive to act on behalf of the jurisdiction with regard to provisions of this Act. (2) The term "State" means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (3) The term "jurisdiction" means a State or unit of general local government. (4) The term "participating jurisdiction" means any State or unit of general local government that has been so designated in accordance with section 216 of this Act. (5) The term "nonprofit organization" means any private, nonprofit organization (including a State or locally chartered, nonprofit organization) that— (A) is organized under State or local laws, (B) has no part of its net earnings inuring to the benefit of any member, founder, contributor, or individual, (C) complies with standards of financial accountability acceptable to the Secretary, and (D) has among its purposes significant activities related to the provision of decent housing that is affordable to lowincome and moderate-income persons. (6) The term "community housing development organization" means a nonprofit organization as defined in paragraph (5), that— (A) has among its purposes the provision of decent housing that is affordable to low-income and moderate-income persons; (B) maintains, through significant representation on the organization's governing board and otherwise, accountability to low-income community residents and, to the extent practicable, low-income beneficiaries with regard to decisions on the design, siting, development, and management of affordable housing; (C) has a demonstrated capacity for carrsdng out activities assisted under this Act; and (D) has a history of serving the local community or communities within which housing to be assisted under this Act is to be located. (7) The term "government-sponsored mortgage finance corporations" means the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation. (8) The term "housing" includes manufactured housing and manufactured housing lots. (9) The term "very low-income families" means low-income families whose incomes do not exceed 50 percent of the median family income for the area, as determined by the Secretary with adjustments for smaller and larger families, except that the Secretary may establish income ceilings higher or lower than 50 percent of the median for the area on the basis of the Secretary's findings that such variations are necessary because of prevailing levels of construction costs or fair market rents, or unusually high or low family incomes. (10) The term "low-income families" means families whose incomes do not exceed 80 percent of the median income for the
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