108 STAT. 510 PUBLIC LAW 103-236—APR. 30, 1994 (2) of this subsection, that the United States Government shall not procure, or enter into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from any person described in subsection (a)(2). (2) ExCEPTlONS.The President shall not be required to apply or maintain the sanction under this section— (A) in the case of procurement of defense articles or defense services— (i) under existing contracts or subcontracts, including the exercise of options for production quantities to satisfy requirements essential to the national security of the United States; (ii) if the President determines in writing that the person or other entity to which the sanction would otherwise be applied is a sole source supplier of the defense articles or services, that the defense articles or services are essential, and that alternative sources are not readily or reasonably available; or (iii) if the President determines in writing that such articles or services are essential to the national security under defense coproduction agreements; (B) to products or services provided under contracts entered into before the date on which the President publishes his intention to impose the sanction; (Oto— (i) spare parts which are essential to United States products or production; (ii) component parts, but not finished products, essential to United States products or production; or (iii) routine servicing and maintenance of products, to the extent that alternative sources are not readily or reasonably available; (D) to information and technology essential to United States products or production; or (E) to medical or other humanitarian items. (d) ADVISORY OPINIONS. —Upon the request of any person, the Secretary of State may, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, issue in writing an advisory opinion to that person as to whether a proposed activity by that person would subject that person to the sanction under this section. Any person who relies m good faith on such an advisory opinion which states that the proposed activity would not subject a person to such sanction, and any person who thereafter engages in such activity, may not be made subject to such sanction on account of such activity. (e) TERMINATION OF THE SANCTION.— The sanction imposed pursuant to this section shall apply for a period of at least 12 months following the imposition of the sanction and shall cease to apply thereafter only if the President determines and certifies in writing to the Congress that— (1) reliable information indicates that the foreign person or United States person with respect to which the determination was made under subsection (a)(l) has ceased to aid or abet any individual, group, or non-nuclear-weapon state in its efforts to acquire unsafeguarded special nuclear material or any nuclear explosive device, as described in that subsection; and (2) the President has received reliable assurances from the foreign person or United States person, as the case may
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