PUBLIC LAW 104-182—AUG. 6, 1996 110 STAT. 1681 and significant information becomes available, the Administrator shall report to the Congress on the results of the studies. "(b) BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS.— The Administrator shall conduct biomedical studies to— "(1) understand the mechanisms by which chemical contaminants are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the human body, so as to develop more accurate physiologically based models of the phenomena; "(2) understand the effects of contaminants and the mechanisms by which the contaminants cause adverse effects (especially noncancer and infectious effects) and the variations in the effects among humans, especially subpopulations at greater risk of adverse effects, and between test animals and humans; and "(3) develop new approaches to the study of complex mixtures, such as mixtures found in drinking water, especially to determine the prospects for sjmergistic or antagonistic interactions that may affect the shape of the dose-response relationship of the individual chemicals and microbes, and to examine noncancer endpoints and infectious diseases, and susceptible individuals and subpopulations. "(c) STUDIES ON HARMFUL SUBSTANCES IN DRINKING WATER. — " (1) DEVELOPMENT OF STUDIES. — The Administrator shall, not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section and after consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Agriculture, and, as appropriate, the heads of other Federal agencies, conduct the studies described in paragraph (2) to support the development and implementation of the most current version of each of the following: "(A) Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (59 Fed. Reg. 38832 (July 29, 1994)). "(B) Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (59 Fed. Reg. 38668 (July 29, 1994)). "(C) Ground Water Disinfection Rule (availability of draft summary announced at (57 Fed. Reg. 33960; July 31, 1992)). "(2) CONTENTS OF STUDIES. —The studies required by paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum, each of the following: "(A) Toxicological studies and, if warrsuited, epidemiological studies to determine what levels of exposure from disinfectants and disinfection b3T)roducts, if any, may be associated with developmental and birth defects and other potential toxic end points. "(B) Toxicological studies and, if warranted, epidemiological studies to quantify the carcinogenic potential from exposure to disinfection byproducts resulting from different disinfectants. "(C) The development of dose-response curves for pathogens, including Cryptosporidium and the Norwalk virus. "(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $12,500,000 for each of fiscal years 1997 through 2003. " (d) WATERBORNE DISEASE OCCURRENCE STUDY.— "(1) SYSTEM.— The Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Administrator shall jointly—
�
