116 STAT. 504 PUBLIC LAW 107-171—MAY 13, 2002 (4) notwithstanding chapter 63 of title 31, United States Code, enter into a contract, cooperative agreement, memorandum of understanding, or other agreement. (b) TORT CLAIMS.— (1) IN GENERAL.— Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary may pay a tort claim, in the manner authorized by the first paragraph of section 2672 of title 28, United States Code, if the claim arises outside the United States in connection with an activity authorized under this subtitle. (2) REQUIREMENTS. —^A claim may not be allowed under this subsection unless the claim is presented in writing to the Secretary not later than 2 years after the date on which the claim arises. 7 USC 8313. SEC. 10414. PENALTIES. (a) CRIMINAL PENALTIES. — (1) OFFENSES. — (A) IN GENERAL.—^A person that knowingly violates this subtitle, or knowingly forges, counterfeits, or, without authority from the Secretary, uses, alters, defaces, or destroys any certificate, permit, or other document provided for in this subtitle shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both. (B) DISTRIBUTION OR SALE. —^A person that knowingly imports, enters, exports, or moves any animal or article, for distribution or sale, in violation of this subtitle, shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (2) MULTIPLE VIOLATIONS. —On the second and any subsequent conviction of a person of a violation of this subtitle under paragraph (1), the person shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both. (b) CIVIL PENALTIES.— (1) IN GENERAL.— Except as provided in section 10410(d), any person that violates this subtitle, or that forges, counterfeits, or, without authority from the Secretary, uses, alters, defaces, or destroys any certificate, permit, or other document provided under this subtitle may, after notice and opportunity for a hearing on the record, be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary that does not exceed the greater of— (A)(i) $50,000 in the case of any individual, except that the civil penalty may not exceed $1,000 in the case of an initial violation of this subtitle by an individual moving regulated articles not for monetary gain; (ii) $250,000 in the case of any other person for each violation; and (iii) $500,000 for all violations adjudicated in a single proceeding; or (B) twice the gross gain or gross loss for any violation or forgery, counterfeiting, or unauthorized use, alteration, defacing or destruction of a certificate, permit, or other document provided under this subtitle that results in the person's deriving pecuniary gain or causing pecuniary loss to another person. (2) FACTORS IN DETERMINING CIVIL PENALTY.—In determining the amount of a civil penalty, the Secretary shall take
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