CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS—DEC. 22, 2005
119 STAT. 3677
as they may designate if, in their opinion, the public interest shall warrant it. Agreed to November 18, 2005.
BARNSTORMING AFRICAN-AMERICAN BASKETBALL TEAMS—RECOGNITION
Dec. 22, 2005 [H. Con. Res. 59]
Whereas, even though African-Americans were excluded from playing in organized white-only leagues, the desire of AfricanAmericans to play basketball could not be repressed; Whereas, unlike baseball, which had Negro leagues, basketball had no organized black leagues, thus forcing blacks to take to the road out of necessity; Whereas among the most well-known black barnstorming teams who found their beginnings in the 1920s were the New York Renaissance (or Rens), the Harlem Globetrotters, the New York Enforcers, the Harlem Clowns, the Harlem Road Kings, the Harlem Stars, the Harlem Ambassadors, and the Philadelphia Tribunes; Whereas, despite the racism they faced, Negro basketball teams overcame great obstacles to play the game before black players were allowed to play in the National Basketball Association in the early 1950s; Whereas the New York Rens became one of the first great basketball dynasties in the history of the game, compiling a 2,588–539 record in its 27-year existence, winning 88 straight games in the 1932–33 season, and winning the 1939 World Professional Championship; Whereas the Harlem Globetrotters proved that they were capable of beating professional teams like the World Champions Minneapolis Lakers led by basketball great George Mikan in 1948; Whereas the barnstorming African-American basketball teams included exceptionally talented players and shaped modern-day basketball by introducing a new style of play predicated on speed, short crisp passing techniques, and vigorous defensive play; Whereas among the pioneers who played on black barnstorming teams included players such as Tarzan Cooper, Pop Gates, John Isaacs, Willie Smith, Sweetwater Clifton, Ermer Robinson, Bob Douglas, Pappy Ricks, Runt Pullins, Goose Tatum, Marques Haynes, Bobby Hall, Babe Pressley, Bernie Price, Ted Strong, Inman Jackson, Duke Cumberland, Fat Jenkins, Eddie Younger, Lou Badger, Zachary Clayton, Jim Usry, Sonny Boswell, and Puggy Bell; Whereas the struggles of these players and others paved the way for current African American professional players, who are playing in the National Basketball Association today; Whereas the style of black basketball was more conducive to a wide open, fast-paced spectator sport; Whereas, by achieving success on the basketball court, AfricanAmerican basketball players helped break down the color barrier
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