62 STAT.] 80TH CONG., 2D SESS.-CH. 646-JUNE 25, 1948 CHAPTER 21-GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO COURTS AND JUDGES Sec. 451. Definitions. 452. Courts always open; powers unrestricted by terms. 453. Oath of justices and judges. 454. Practice of law by justices and judges. 455. Interest of justice or judge. 456. Traveling expenses of justices and judges. 457. Records; obsolete papers. 458. Relative of justice or judge ineligible to appointment. 459. Administration of oaths and acknowledgments. 460. Application to Alaska, Canal Zone and Virgin Islands. § 451. Definitions As used in this title: The term "court of the United States" includes the Supreme Court of the United States, courts of appeals, district courts constituted by chapter 5 of this title, including the district courts of the United States for the districts of Hawaii and Puerto Rico, the Court of Claims, the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, the Customs Court and any court created by Act of Congress the judges of which are entitled to hold office during good behavior. The terms "district court" and "district court of the United States" mean the courts constituted by chapter 5 of this title. The term "judge of the United States" includes judges of the courts of appeals, district courts, Court of Claims, Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Customs Court and any court created by Act of Con- gress, the judges of which are entitled to hold office during good behavior. The term "justice of the United States" includes the Chief Justice of the United States and the associate justices of the Supreme Court. The term "district" and "judicial district" mean the districts enumerated in Chapter 5 of this title. The term "department" means one of the executive departments enumerated in section 1 of Title 5, unless the context shows that such term was intended to describe the executive, legislative, or judicial branches of the government. The term "agency" includes any department, independent establish- ment, commission, administration, authority, board or bureau of the United States or any corporation in which the United States has a proprietary interest, unless the context shows that such term was in- tended to be used in a more limited sense. § 452. Courts always open; powers unrestricted by terms All courts of the United States shall be deemed always open for the purpose of filing proper papers, issuing and returning process, and making motions and orders. The continued existence or expiration of a term of court in no way affects the power of the court to do any act or take any proceeding. § 453. Oaths of justices and judges Each justice or judge of the United States shall take the following oath or affirmation before performing the duties of his office: "r, , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as --- according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the Constitution and laws of the United States. So help me God." 907 "Court of the United States. " Ante, p. 872 . "District court"; "district court of the United States. " " Judge of the United States. " " Justice of the United States. " " District";"Judi- cial district." "Department." "Agency. "
�
