PUBLIC LAWS-CH. 646 -JUNE 25, 1948 States for the district and division embracing the place where such action is pending. (b) Any civil action of which the district courts have original jurisdiction founded on a claim or right arising under the Consti- tution, treaties or laws of the United States shall be removable with- out regard to the citizenship or residence of the parties. Any other such action shall be removable only if none of the parties in interest properly joined and served as defendants is a citizen of the State i which such action is brought. (c) Whenever a separate and independent claim or cause of action, which would be removable if sued upon alone, is joined with one or more otherwise non-removable claims or causes of action, the entire case may be removed and the district court may determine all issues therein, or, in its discretion, may remand all matters not otherwise within its original jurisdiction. § 1442. Federal officers sued or prosecuted (a) A civil action or criminal prosecution commenced in a State court against any of the following persons may be removed by them to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place wherein it is pending: (1) Any officer of the United States or any agency thereof, or person acting under him, for any act under color of such office or on account of any right, title or authority claimed under any Act of Congress for the apprehension or punishment of criminals or the collection of the revenue. (2) A property holder whose title is derived from any such officer, where such action or prosecution affects the validity of any law of the United States. (3) Any officer of the courts of the United States, for any Act under color of office or in the performance of his duties; (4) Any officer of either House of Congress, for any act in the discharge of his official duty under an order of such House. (b) A personal action commenced in any State court by an alien against any citizen of a State who is, or at the time the alleged action accrued was, a civil officer of the United States and is a nonresident of such State, wherein jurisdiction is obtained by the State court by per- sonal service of process, may be removed by the defendant to the district court of the United States for the district and division in which the defendant was served with process. § 1443. Civil rights cases Any of the following civil actions or criminal prosecutions, com- menced in a State court may be removed by the defendant to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place wherein it is pending: (1) Against any person who is denied or cannot enforce in the courts of such State aright under any law providing for the equal civil rights of citizens of the United States, or of all persons within the jurisdiction thereof; (2) For any act under color of authority derived from any law pro- viding for equal rights, or for refusing to do any act on the ground that it would be inconsistent with such law. § 1444. Foreclosure action against United States Any action brought under section 2410 of this title against the United States in any State may be removed by the United States to the district court of the United States for the district and divisions in which the action is pending. Personal action commenced by alien. poiE, p. m. 938 [62 STAT.
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