92 STAT. 1472
PUBLIC LAW 95-474—OCT, 17, 1978 "(2) 'Secretary'means the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, "(3) 'State' includes each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and any other commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. "(4) 'United States', when used in geographical context, means all the States thereof.
33 USC 1223.
"SEC. 4. VESSEL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS.
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"(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the requirements of section 5, the Secretary may—• "(1) in any port or place under the jurisdiction of the United States, in the navigable waters of the United States, or in any area covered by an international agreement negotiated pursuant to section 11, establish, operate, and maintain vessel traffic services, consisting of measures for controlling or supervising vessel traffic or for protecting navigation and the marine environment and may include, but need not be limited to one or more of the following: reporting and operating requirements, surveillance and communications systems, routing systems, and fairways; "(2) require vessels which operate in an area of a vessel traffic service to utilize or comply with that service; " (3) require vessels to install and use specified navigation equipment, communications equipment, electronic relative motion analyzer equipment, or any electronic or other device necessary to comply with a vessel traffic service or which is necessary in the interests of vessel safety: Provided, That the Secretary shall not require fishing vessels under 300 gross tons or recreational vessels 65 feet or less to possess or use the equipment or devices required by this subsection solely under the authority of this Act; " (4) control vessel traffic in areas subject to the jurisdiction of the United States which the Secretary determines to be hazardous, or under conditions of reduced visibility, adverse weather, vessel congestion, or other hazardous circumstances by— "(A) specifying times of entry, movement, or departure; "(B) establishing vessel traffic routing schemes; "(C) establishing vessel size, speed, draft limitations and vessel operating conditions; and " (D) restricting operation, in any hazardous area or under hazardous conditions, to vessels which have particular operating characteristics or capabilities which he considers necessary for safe operation under the circumstances; and "(5) require the receipt of prearrival messages from any vessel, destined for a port or place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, in sufficient time to permit advance vessel traffic planning prior to port entry, which shall include any information which is not already a matter of record and which the Secretary determines necessary for the control of the vessel and the safety of the port or the marine environment. "(b) SPECIAL POWERS.—The Secretary may order any vessel, in a port or place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States or in the navigable waters of the United States, to operate or anchor in a manner he directs if—
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