Fig. 2, A ladder with a long, jointed handle, and which we have already mentioned, vol. i. p. 299, when treating of the Ice-boats: a model of these boats may be inspected in the Repository of the "Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures," &c. Adelphi, London.
Fig. 3, An extractor, or a linked pair of tongs, which in the plate appears closed; but, on immersing it into water, opens by its own weight, as well as by the sliding down of the iron ring o from the part marked x, to that of n. It may again be closed, by pulling the double rope fastened to the ring o, which is thus shifted upward from u to x: by means of expanding the iron arms n n, which are likewise connected with this ring, the mouth or flaps of the instrument r r, may be shut: and to prevent their opening till required, the two ropes are firmly tied round the iron bolt s s; in which situation they remain till the body is extracted.—This instrument, together with that represented, Fig. 1, cost about 2l. at Hamburgh. Great attention is required in preserving them from the effects of rust: and, independently of the weight of iron-work, Fig. 3, is perhaps the most complete piece of machinery that can be contrived for this purpose.
II. Of the Engraving in which the "Implements of restoration from drowning," are represented.
Fig. 1, A pair of bellows with two separate bags, so contrived that by opening them, when applied to the nostrils or mouth of a patient, one bag will be filled with common air, and the other with the mephitic air extracted from the lungs; and, by shutting them again, pure atmospheric air will be introduced into those organs, and that drawn out, consequently discharged into the room. Thus, the artificial breathing may be continued, while the other operations on the surface of the body are carried on; which could not be conveniently done, if the muzzle of a common pair of bellows were introduced into the nostril.
a, Is an intermediate board, but which admits of no communication between the two bags. In the external board of each side, there is the usual hole, marked b, provided with a valve; and the cylindrical part through which the air is expelled in common bellows, is here soldered to a copper box, within which two other valves are applied to the tubes conducting the air. The cover d of this box, which may be unscrewed by means of an interposed leather ring, is almost of the shape of a funnel, to the neck of which is fastened a flexible tube e, made of varnished silk cloth, and a spiral wire that forms the cavity. To the extremity of this tube is attached a small ivory pipe f, the front of which may either be tubular and round, for introducing it into the nostril: or flat like the top-piece of a clarionet, if it be intended for the mouth. The valves (which cannot be represented in a plate), consist of stiffened taffety, and are so arranged, that the corresponding ones stand in an inverted order. If, therefore, both bags of the bellows be expanded, two of the valves open themselves towards the internal part of the machine: one of these is fixed to one of the side-boards, but the other is within the box, on the mouth of the conducting tube belonging to the opposite bag of the bellows.
