The Coronado expedition, 1540-1542/Content and Illustrations

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2701845The Coronado expedition, 1540-1542 — Content and Illustrations1898George Parker Winship

CONTENTS


Page
Introductory note 339
Itinerary of the Coronado expeditions, 1527-1547 341
Historical introduction 345
The causes of the Coronado expedition, 1528-1539 345
Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca 345
The governors of New Spain 1530-1537 350
The reconnoissance of Friar Marcos de Niza 353
The effect of Friar Marcos' report 362
The expedition to New Mexico and the great plains 373
The organization of the expedition 373
The departure of the expedition 382
The expedition by sea under Alarcon 385
The journey from Culiacan to Cibola 386
The capture of the Seven Cities 388
The exploration of the country 389
The Spaniards at Zuñi 389
The discovery of Tusayan and the Grand canyon 390
The Rio Grande and the great plains 390
The march of the army from Culiacan to Tiguex 391
The winter of 1540-1541 along the Rio Grande 392
The Indian revolt 392
The stories about Quivira 393
The journey across the buffalo plains 395
The winter of 1541-1542 399
The friars remain in the country 400
The return to New Spain 401
The end of Coronado 402
Some results of the expedition 403
The discovery of Colorado river 403
The voyage of Alarcon 403
The journey of Melchior Diaz 406
The Indian uprising in New Spain 1540-1542 408
Further attempts at discovery 411
The voyage of Cabrillo 411
Villalobos sails across the Pacific 412
The narrative of Castañeda 413
Bibliographic note 413
The Spanish text 414
Proemio 414
Primera parte 416
Capitulo primero donde se trata como se supo la primera poblacion de las siete çiudades y como Nuño de guzman hiço armada para descubrirlla 416
Capitulo segundo como bino a ser gouernador françisco uasques coronado y la segundo relaçion que dio cabeça de uaca 417
Capitulo terçero como mataron los de cibola a el negro esteuan y fray marcos bolbio huyendo 418
Capitulo quarto como el buen don Antonio de mendoça hiço jornada para el descubrimiento de Cibola 419
Capitulo quinto que trata quienes fueron por capitanes a cibola 420
Capitulo sexto como se juntaron en conpostela todas las capitanias y salieron en orden para la jornada 421
Capitulo septimo como el campo llego a chiametla y mataron a el maestre de canpo y lo que mas acaeçio hasta llegar a culiacan 422
Capitulo otauo como el campo entro en la uilla de culiacan y el recebimiento que se hiço y lo mas acaeçio hasta la partida 423
Capitulo nueve como el canpo salio de culiacan y llego el general a çibola y el campo a señora y lo que mas acaeçio 424
Capitulo deçimo como el campo salio de la uilla de senora quedando la uilla poblada y como llego a çibola y lo que le uino en el camino a el capitan melchior dias yendo en demanda de los nabios y como descubrio el rio del tison 425
Capitulo ouçe como don pedro de touar descubrio a tusayan o tutahaco y don garci lopes de cardenas bio el rio del tison y lo que mas acaecion 428
Capitulo doçe como binieron a çibola gentes de cicuye a ber los christianos y como fue herdo de aluarado a ber las uacas 430
Capitulo trece como el general llego con poca gente la uia de tutahaco y dexo campo a don tristan que lo llebo a tiguex 432
Capitulo catorce como el campo salio de sibola para tiguex y lo que les acaeçio en el camino con niebe 432
Capitulo quinçe como se alço tiguex y el castigo que en ellos ubo sin que lo ubiese en el causador 433
Capitulo desiseis como se puso çerco a tiguex y se gano y lo que mas acontencio mediante el cerco 435
Capitulo desisiete como binieron a el campo mensajeros del ualle de señora y como murio el capitan melchior dias en la jornada de tizon 438
Capitulo desiocho como el general procuro dexar asentada la tierra para ir en demanda de quisuira donde deçia el turco auia el prinçipio de la riqueça 439
Capitulo desinueve como salieron en demanda de quiuira y lo que acontecio en el camino 440
Capitulo ueinte como cayeron grandes piedras en el campo y como se descubrio otra barranca donde se dibidio el campo en dos partes 442
Capitulo ueinte y uno como el campo bolbio a tiguex el y el general llego a quiuira 443
Capitulo ueinte y dos como el general bolbio de quiuira y se hiçieron otras entradas debajo del norte 445
Segunda parte en que se trata de los pueblo prouincias de altos y de sus ritos y costumbres recopilada por pedro de castañeda ueçino de la çiudad de Naxara 446
Capitulo primero de la prouincia de Culiacan y de sus ritos y costumbres 447
Capitulo segundo de la prouincia de petlatlan y todo lo poblado hasta chichilticale 448
Capitulo tercero de lo ques chichilticale y el despoblado de çibola sus costumbres y ritos y de otras cosas 450
Capitulo quarto como se tratan los de tiguex y de la prouincia de tiguex y sua comarcas 451
Capitulo quinto de cicuye y los pueblos de su contoruo y de como unas gentes binieron a conquistar aquella tierra 452
Capitulo sexto en que se declara quantos fueron los pueblos que se uierob en los poblados de terrados y lo poblado de ello 454
Capitulo septimo que trata de los llanos que se atrabesaron de bacas y de las gentes que los habitan 455
Capitulo ocbo de quiuira y en que rumbo esta y la notiçia que dan 456
Tercera parte como y en que se trata aquello que aconteçio a francisco uasques coronado estando inbernando y como dexo la Jornada y se bolbio a la nueba españa 458
Capitulo primero como bino de Senora don pedro de touar con gente y se partio para la nueba españa don garci lopes de cardenas 458
Capitulo segundo como cayo el general y se hordeno la buelta para la nueba españa 459
Capitulo terçero como se alço Suya y las causas que para ello dieron los pobladores 460
Capitulo quarto como se quedo fray juan de padilla y fray luis en la tierra y el campo se aperçibio la buelta de mexico 461
Capitulo quinto como el campo salio del poblado y camino a culiacan y lo que aconteçio en el camino 462
Capitulo sexto como el general salio de culiacan para dar quenta a el uisorey del campo que le encargo 463
Capitulo septimo do las cosas que le aconteçieron al capitan Juan gallego por la tierra alçada lleuando el socorro 464
Capitulo otauo en que se quentan algunas cosas admirables que se bieron en los llanos con la façion de los toros 466
Capitulo nono que trata el rumbo que llebo el campo y como se podria yr a buscar otra uia que mas derecha fuese abiendo de boluer aquella tierra 468
Translation of the narrative of Castañeda 470
Preface 470
First Part 472
Chapter 1, which treats of the way we first came to know about the Seven Cities, and of how Nuño de Guzman made an expedition to discover them 472
Chapter 2, of how Francisco Vazquez Coronado came to be governor, and the second account which Cabeza de Vaca gave 474
Chapter 3, of how they killed the negro Stephen at Cibola, and Friar Marcos returned in flight [[475
Chapter 4, of how the noble Don Antonio de Mendoza made an expedition to discover Cibola 476
Chapter 5, concerning the captains who went to Cibola 477
Chapter 6, of how all the companies collected in Compostela and set off on the journey in good order 478
Chapter 7, of how the army reached Chiametla, and the killing of the army-master, and the other things that happened up to the arrival at Culiacan 479
Chapter 8, of how the army entered the town of Culiacan and the reception it received, and other things which happened before the departure 481
Chapter 9, of how the army started from Culiacan and the arrival of the general at Cibola and of the army at Señora and of other things that happened 482
Chapter 10, of how the army started from the town of Señora, leaving it inhabited, and how it reached Cibola, and of what happened to Captain Melchior Diaz on his expedition in search of the ships and how he discovered the Tison (Firebrand) river 484
Chapter 11, of how Don Pedro de Tovar discovered Tusayan or Tutahaco and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas saw the Firebrand river and the other things that had happened 487
Chapter 12, of how people came from Cicuye to Cibola to see the Christians, and how Hernando de Alvarado went to see the cows 490
Chapter 13, of how the general went toward Tutahaco with a few men and left the army with Don Tristan, who took it to Tiguex 492
Chapter 14, of how the army went from Cibola to Tiguex and what happened to them on the way, on account of the snow 493
Chapter 15, of why Tiguex revolted, and how they were punished, without being to blame for it 494
Chapter 16, of how they besieged Tiguex and took it, and of what happened during the siege 497
Chapter 17, of how messengers reached the army from the valley of Señora, and how Captain Melchior Diaz died on the expedition to the Firebrand river 501
Chapter 18, of how the general managed to leave the country in peace so as to go in search of Quivira, where the Turk said there was the most wealth 502
Chapter 19, of how they started in search of Quivira and of what happened on the way 504
Chapter 20, of how great stones fell in the camp, and how they discovered another ravine, where the army was divided into two parts 506
Chapter 21, of how the army returned to Tiguex and the general reached Quivira 508
Chapter 22, of how the general returned from Quivira and of other expeditions toward the north 510
Second Part, which treats of the high villages and provinces and of their habits and customs, as collected by Pedro de Castañeda, native of the city of Najara 512
Chapter 1, of the province of Culiacan and of its habits and customs 513
Chapter 2, of the province of Petlatlan and all the inhabited country as far as Chichilticalli 514
Chapter 3, of Chichilticalli and the desert, of Cibola, its customs and habits, and of other things 516
Chapter 4, of how they live at Tiguex, and of the province of Tiguex and its neighborhood 519
Chapter 5, of Cicuye and the villages in its neighborhood, and of how some people came to conquer this country 523
Chapter 6, which gives the number of villages which were seen in the country of the terraced houses, and their population 524
Chapter 7, which treats of the plains that were crossed, of the cows, and of the people who inhabit them 526
Chapter 8, of Quivira, of where it is and some information about it 528
Third Part, which describes what happened to Francisco Vazquez Coronado during the winter, and how he gave up the expedition and returned to New Spain 530
Chapter 1, of how Don Pedro de Tovar came from Señora with some men, and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas started back to New Spain 530
Chapter 2, of the general's fall and of how the return to New Spain was ordered 531
Chapter 3, of the rebellion at Suya and the reasons the settlers gave for it 533
Chapter 4, of how Friar Juan de Padilla and Friar Luis remained in the country and the army prepared to return to Mexico 534
Chapter 5, of how the army left the settlements and marched to Culiacan, and of what happened on the way 537
Chapter 6, of how the general started from Culiacan to give the viceroy an account of the army with which he had been intrusted 538
Chapter 7, of the adventures of Captain Juan Gallego while he was bringing reenforcements through the revolted country 540
Chapter 8, which describes some remarkable things that were seen on the plains, with a description of the bulls 541
Chapter 9, which treats of the direction which the army took, and of how another more direct way might be found if anyone was going to return to that country 544
Translation of the letter from Mendoza to the King, April 17, 1540 547
Translation of the letter from Coronado to Mendoza, August 3, 1540 552
Translation of the Traslado de las Nuevas 564
Relación postrera de Sívola 566
Spanish text 566
Translation 568
Translation of the Relacion del Suceso 572
Translation of a letter from Coronado to the King, October 20, 1541 580
Translation of the narrative of Jaramillo 584
Translation of the report of Hernando de Alvarado 594
Testimony concerning those who went on the expedition with Francisco Vazquez Coronado 596
A list of works useful to the student of the Coronado expedition 599
Index to Part 1 615

Contents

ILLUSTRATIONS


Page
Plate XXXVIII The New Spain and New Mexico country 345
XXXIX The Ulpius globe of 1542 349
XL Sebastian Cabot's map of 1544 353
XLI Map of the world by Ptolemy, 1548 357
XLII Battista Agnese's New Spain, sixteenth century 361
XLIII The City of Mexico about 1550, by Alonzo de Santa Cruz 365
XLIV Zaltieri's karte, 1566 369
XLV Mercator's northwestern part of New Spain, 1569 373
XLVI Mercator's interior of New Spain, 1569 377
XLVII Abr. Ortelius' Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1570 381
XLVIII Dourado's Terra Antipody Regis Castele Inveta, 1580 385
XLIX Western hemisphere of Mercator, 1587 389
L Northern half of De Bry's America Sive Novvs Orbis, 1596 393
LI Wytfliet's Vtrivsqve Hemispherii Delineatio, 1597 397
LII Wytflief's New Granada and California, 1597 401
LIII Wytfliet's kingdoms of Quivira, Anian, and Tolm, 1597 405
LIV Matthias Quadus' Fasciculus Geographicus, 1608 409
LV Tho buffalo of Gomara, 1554 512
LVI The buffalo of Thevet, 1558 516
LVII The buffalo of De Bry, 1595 520
LVIII On the terraces at Zuñi 525
LIX Middle court at Zuñi 527
LX Zuñi court, showing "balcony" 529
LXI Zuñi interior 531
LXII Zuñis in typical modern costume 534
LXIII Hopi maidens, showing primitive Pueblo hairdressing 536
LXIV Hopi grinding and paper-bread making 539
LXV Hopi basket maker 543
LXVI Pueblo pottery making 547
LXVII Pueblo spinning and weaving 551
LXVIII The Tewa pueblo of P'o-who-gi or San Ildefonso 555
LXIX Pueblo of Jemez 559
LXX Ruins of Spanish church above Jemez 562
LXXI The Keres pueblo of Sia 569
LXXII The Keres pueblo of Cochiti 571
LXXIII The Tewa pueblo of Nambe 573
LXXIV A Nambo Indian in war costume 576
LXXV A Nambe water carrier 578
LXXVI The Keres pueblo of Katishtya or San Felipe 583
LXXVII The south town of the Tiwa pueblo of Taos 585
LXXVIII The Tewa pueblo of K'hapóo or Santa Clara 587
LXXIX The Tewa pueblo of Ohke or San Juan 589
LXXX A native of San Juan 592
LXXXI A native of Pecos 596
LXXXII Facsimile of pages of Castañeda's relacion 456
LXXXIII Facsimile of pages of Castañeda's relacion 442
LXXXIV Facsimile of pages of Castañeda's relacion 466