and Diogenes; is said to have taught Alexander rhetoric, and to have accompanied him in the Persian expedition. He wrote histories of Philip of Macedon, of Alexander, and of Greece, of which a few fragments exist. The rhetoric addressed to Alexander, found among the writings of Aristotle, is also attributed to him.
ANAXIMENES. A Greek philosopher, who was born at Miletus, in Asia Minor, and flourished about 546 B.C. He held air to be the first cause of all things, or the primary form of matter, from which all things are formed by compression. Consult Zeller, Geschichte der griechischcn Philosophie (Leipzig, 1893).
ANAYA, a-nii'ya,
Pedro Maria (1795-1854).
A Mexican general. He was born at Huichapan,
and in 1811 joined the Mexican army, in which
he attained the rank of brigadier-general in 1833.
During the Mexican War General Anaya took
part in the battle of Churubusco (q.v.), on August 20, 1847. He was Minister of War under Herrera. in 1845; was Secretary of War under Arista,
in 1852; was Acting President of Mexico while
Santa Anna was resisting the advance of
Scott (April 2— May 20, 1847), and during the
absence of President Peña y Peña (September
26, 1847 — January 8, 1848). Upon Santa Anna's
restoration (1853) he became Postmaster-General, and retained that post until his death.
AN'BURY (probably from A. S. ange, vexation, trouble + berry). A disease of cabbage, turnips, and other cruciferous plants. See Club Root.
ANCACHS, an-kitch'.
A maritime department of Peru, bounded by the department of Libertad on the north. Huánuco and Junin on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific on the west (Map: Peru, B 5). Area, 16,562 square miles. The greater portion of the surface is mountainous, but there is some good agricultural land. The mineral deposits are supposed to be very important, but are little worked. There is a railway line running through the State from Chimbote to Huaraz, the capital. The population was estimated in 1896 at 428,703.
ANCÆ’US (Gk. Ἀγκαῖος, Ankaios). A name of two of the Argonauts of Greek legend. (1) A son of Poseidon, who became steersman of the Argo. He is noted for the prophecy that he should not live to taste wine from his own vineyard. At the moment when at length he did lift a cup of its vintage he was told that "there's many a slip 'twixt the cup and the lip," and just then the noise of a wild boar which had got into the vineyard called him away. He was killed by the animal, and so fulfilled the prediction. (2) A son of Lycurgus the Arcadian. He was killed by the Calydonian boar.
ANCELOT, iixs'lo',
Jacques Arsène Polycarpe (1794-1854). French dramatist, novelist, and poet, born at Havre, who won fame and a pension in 1819 by his tragedy Louis IX. His other serious dramas are not noteworthy: but an epic, Marie de Brabant, and a novel, L'homme du monde (1829) attracted attention. The Revolution of 1830 cost him his pension, and he became a fertile purveyor of light dramas, farces, and vaudevilles of doubtful morality. Very readable are the graceful verses of his epigrammatic satires, Epîtres familières (1842); but Louis IX., his first considerable work, remains his best. His wife. Marguerite Louise Virginie Chardon (1792-1875), collaborated with him, and wrote independently plays and novels.
AN'CESTOR (M. Engl, ancessour, from Lat. antecessor, a predecessor, foregoer). In the English law of inheritance, the person from whom one may inherit real property. It is the correlative of heir. The term is sometimes loosely used as signifying a progenitor; but properly, in this legal usage, an ancestor need not be a progenitor, as one may inherit from his collateral relatives as well as from an ancestor in the direct line. See Heir; Succession.
ANCESTOR WOR'SHIP. See Man, Science of.
ANCHIETA, an-shy:i't:i.
José de (1533-97). A Portuguese Jesuit missionary, called "Apostle of Brazil;" related to Loyola. He was born at Luguna, in Teneriffe, Canary Islands, and in 1553 went to Brazil, where he founded the first college for the conversion of natives, and was appointed governor of the converted Indians. Both the Portuguese and savages ascribed to him the working of miracles. He died near Espirito Santo. His work on the Natural Productions of Brazil was published by the Academy of Sciences at Madrid. Consult: Rodriguez, Vida del Padre J. de Anchieta (1618), and Vasconcellos, Vida do Padre Joseph de Anchieta (1620).
ANCHISAURUS,:-in'ki-sa'rus
(Gk. ἄγχι, anchi, near + σαυρος;, sauros, lizard). The best known of the dinosaurian reptiles that lived on the marshes, flood-plains and beaches of the Connecticut estuary during the Triassic Period. Two species are known, quite perfect skeletons of both of which have been found; the larger, Anchisaurus colurus, having had a slender, delicate body about six feet long, which length is hardly one-tenth that of many of the enormous dinosaurs found in the Jurassic rocks of the Western States. These carnivorous Anchisauri had small, bird-like heads with large eyes, and beaked jaws, each provided with eighteen teeth, and had long, slender, bird-like necks. The form and number of the bones of the tail indicate that this member was slender, round, and usually carried free from the ground. Anchisaurus, with its short fore legs, that seldom touched the ground, and its four-toed hind feet, the first digits of which were so weak as to render them incapable of making impressions upon the firm, moist sands of the beach, was in all probability the reptile that made many of the well-known "bird-tracks" of the Connecticut Valley sandstone. See Dinosauria.
ANCHISES, an-kl'sez
(Gk. Ἀγχίσης, Anchisēs). In Grecian legend, a descendant of the royal house of Ilium (Troy), and the father by Aphrodite (Venus) of the Trojan hero Æneas (q.v.). He had been commanded not to reveal the maternity of the child, but disclosed the secret to his companions, and was made blind (one legend says killed) by lightning from Zeus. At the fall of Troy, his son bore him away on his shoulders, and Vergil describes their voyage to Italy and Sicily, where the old father died and was buried at Drepanum (Trapani).
ANCHITHERIUM, an'kl-the'ri-um (Gk. ai>xi, anchi, near + t>i/piov, fhrrion, wild beast). One of the three-toed fossil horses of Middle Miocene Tertiary time, reuniins of which have been found in North America and Europe. The ani-
