Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Maximianus I., M. Aurelius Valerius
Maximianus (1) I., M. Aurelius Valerius (Herculius),
emperor of Rome a.d.
286–305 with Diocletian, 306–308 with Maxentius or
Constantine; compelled to strangle himself Feb. 310, being probably
60 years old (Tillem. "Diocletian," vol. iv. p. 7, Hist. des Emp.). A Pannonian soldier of humble birth but great military
ability and unresting activity, he was created Caesar in 285 by
Diocletian, and Augustus in 286. (For the chief events in his
history see DIOCLETIAN,
CONSTANTINE, and
MAXENTIUS in D. of G. and R. Biogr.) The Diocletian persecution began in A.D. 303, and Maximian joined in it:
He is said in the de Mortibus Persecutorum to have been the
worthy brother of Diocletian, and Eusebius speaks of his death in the
same retributive tone as of the other emperors except Constantius
and Constantine (H. E. viii. 13).
The military talents and activity of Maximianus were of the greatest value to the Western empire and in Africa, and while under Diocletian's influence or direction he seconded him honestly and well. He was a barbarian soldier without honour, principle, or education; crime was familiar to him, though he seems not to have practised cruelty for its own sake. He is accused of the usual sensual excesses, though not to the same extent as Maxentius.
[R.ST.J.T.]