Hand-book of Volapük/27
THE USE OF CONJUNCTIONS AND ADVERBS[edit]
Since many English words are used both as conjunctions and as adverbs, we group together the principal difficulties of both these parts of speech.
But, as a preposition, has been explained. But, as a conjunction, is ab or sod. Sod is only used after a negativ ; it is not this, but (on the contrary) that. Even in this case ab may be used. "Not only --- but also ---," is expressed by ,,noe --- soi."
And, e before vowels ed is used, though not by all
writers. For "both --- and ---" ,,ä --- ä ---" is used.
As, like in the same manner as, äs; as, in the capacity of, as. The verb is generally omitted in the latter case. As, since, for the reason that, bi.
Before, as a preposition, has been explained. Before, as a conjunction, is büfo ; look before you leap; before as an adverb of time, büfumo ; you said that before.
That, as a pronoun, at; atos. That, as a conjunction, has two meanings expressed by dat and das. Dat means, in order that, for the purpose that. Das merely introduces a subordinate sentence as a member of a principal one, as, I said
that he would come. The subordinate sentence "he would come" introduced by that, is the object ; that shows it to be subordinate.
Though, conjunction, or although, do. Though, adverb, nevertheless, deno.
Also, i, or id before vowels.
Nor, ni. "Neither --- nor ---," ,,ni --- ni ---."
If, provided, if. If, whether, va.
Even if, ifi.
Until, till, conjunction, jüs as a preposition, jü al, jü in, etc.
After, conjunction, na preposition, pos adverb, poso.
Or, u, or ud before vowels. "Either --- or ---," ,,uf --- ud ---."
When, conjunction, ven, kü, kelüp when ? kiüp ? kitim ? when, whereupon, e täno.
Where, conjunction, kö, kelöp where ? kiöp ? kiplad ?
Yet, referring to time, nog yet, nevertheless, yed.
There, when unemphatic, is frequently untranslatable, as in the phrases, there is, there are. There is, there are, have quite a different meaning, there being taking in the sense of yonder.
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