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Index:The Melanesians Studies in their Anthropology and Folklore.djvu

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Title The Melanesians: Studies in their Anthropology and Folklore
Author Robert Henry Codrington
Year 1891
Publisher Clarendon Press
Location Oxford
Source djvu
Progress Done—All pages of the work proper are validated
Transclusion Fully transcluded
Validated in August 2017
Pages (key to Page Status)
- - - - i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii xiv xv xvi xvii xviii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 - - - - -

CONTENTS.

  1. CHAPTER I.
  2. INTRODUCTORY.
  3. Groups of Melanesian Islands. Connexion East and West. Discovery. Spanish, French, English Discoverers. Names of Islands, native and geographical. Identification. Condition on discovery. Native view of discoverers. Geology. Volcanos. Coral. Reef Islands. Lakes. Waterfalls. Zoology.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    pp. 1–19
  4. CHAPTER II.
  5. SOCIAL REGULATIONS. DIVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE.
    KINSHIP AND MARRIAGE CONNEXION.
  6. Ethnology, Origin. Division of people into Exogamous Classes or Kindreds, with Succession through the Mother. No Tribes. Exception in Eastern Solomon Islands. Intercourse of sexes regulated and restricted. Incest. Guest-wives. Division into two Kins. Banks' Islands; Families, Adoption. New Hebrides. Question of Communal marriage. Testimony of language. Nearness of blood. Plural Divisions, Florida, Bugotu. Abomination, buto. Totems. Custom at Ulawa. Shifting predominance of Florida kema. Relation of sister's son and mother's brother. Banks' Island System of Relationship, in Kinship, Family, by Marriage. Pedigree of Mota family. Step-father. Terms of relationship in Florida. System where descent follows the Father. Reserve. Avoidance, in Banks' Islands. Disuse of Names as words. New Hebrides
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    20–45
  7. CHAPTER III.
  8. SOCIAL REGULATIONS. CHIEFS.
  9. Chiefs recognised by visitors. Their Power in Solomon Islands, Banks' Islands, and New Hebrides. Absence of History and Tradition. Remarkable exception at Sea. Origin of that settlement. Chiefs there. Hereditary element. Chiefs in Florida; in Banks' Islands. Alternation of predominance in Kindreds. Chiefs in New Hebrides, Lepers' Island
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    46–48
  10. CHAPTER IV.
  11. PROPERTY AND INHERITANCE.
  12. General agreement as to Property and Succession. Divisions of Land, Bush, Gardens, Town. Sale of Land. Property in Fruit-trees. Tendency to succession of son to father. Solomon Islands, Florida. Land and Personal property. Banks' Islands, Redemption of father's land, Sale of land, Wills. New Hebrides, Pentecost Island, Lepers' Island
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    59–68
  13. CHAPTER V.
  14. SECRET SOCIETIES AND MYSTERIES.
  15. Wide extent of Secret Societies in Melanesia., Difference from Australian Mysteries; no 'Making young men.' Social importances. Exclusion of women. Conspicuous feature in native life. Banks' Islands, Tamate, 'Ghosts'; masks; badges; lodges. Salagoro; hats; mysterious sounds; admission; seclusion of neophytes; license. Smaller Societies. Qatu; dance; initiation. New Hebrides, Aurora Island. Handiwork of 'ghosts.' Native account of Initiations. Dances. Pentecost Island. The Qeta. Solomon Islands, Florida. Matambala; origin; native account; downfall of the Mystery
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    69–100
  16. CHAPTER VI.
  17. SOCIETIES. CLUBS.
  18. Presence of these Societies conspicuous in Torres Islands, Banks' Islands, and New Hebrides. The Gamal, club-house; the Club, the Suqe. Ranks. Social importance. Banks' Islands, Mota. Images; hats. Santa Maria, Torres Islands. Admission and advance in rank; Method and forms. Feasts; dress. Women's Club. Kolekole; decorations. Charms; Feast of deliverance. New Hebrides, Aurora, Lepers' Island. Ranks and titles. Pentecost Island
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    101–115
  19. CHAPTER VII.
  20. RELIGION.
  21. Difficulty of the subject. Language of Natives and Europeans. Mana; stones; charms. Spirits and Ghosts distinguished by natives. Difference between religion of Eastern and Western Melanesia. Misuse of terms; 'god' and 'devil.' Banks' Islands, Spirits, vui. Solomon Islands, tindalo, Ghosts of worship. Example of Ganindo. Prayers and offerings
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    117–127
  22. CHAPTER VIII.
  23. SACRIFICES.
  24. Offerings at meals to the Dead. Difference between Sacrifices in Eastern and Western Melanesia. Solomon Islands; Sacrifice to ghosts; example at San Cristoval. Florida sacrifices, public and private; first-fruits; for war; for crops. Human sacrifices. Seven sacrifices at Saa. San Cristoval; Substitution. Santa Cruz. Banks' Islands; Offerings to Spirits at stones; with money. Familiar spirits. New Hebrides, Aurora, Pentecost, Lepers' Island, Ambrym
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    128–144
  25. CHAPTER IX.
  26. PRAYERS.
  27. Prayers and Invocations. To Ghosts in Solomon Islands, Florida, San Cristoval, Sea. To Spirits in Banks' Islands, Motlav, Mota. Invocations at sea. New Hebrides
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    145–149
  28. CHAPTER X.
  29. SPIRITS.
  30. Little prominence of belief in Spirits in Solomon Islands. Kahausibware. Banks' Islands, vui. Native conceptions; two orders of spirits. Nopitu. Qat; Creation. Story and adventures of Qat; Marawa, Qasavara. Story of flood. Santa Cruz. New Hebrides. Tagaro and Supwe; Creation; Winged women. Changeling spirits
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    150–172
  31. CHAPTER XI.
  32. SACRED PLACES AND THINGS.
  33. Images not idols. Stones. Solomon Islands, Places of sepulture sacred; Shrines. Other sacred places, Streams. Florida, Bugotu. Sharks, snakes, frigate-birds, crocodiles. Banks' Islands and New Hebrides; Stones, heaps, streams and pools, trees, sharks, snakes, changeling snakes, king-fishers
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    173–190
  34. CHAPTER XII.
  35. MAGIC.
  36. Mana, and equivalent terms. Native belief in magic, (1) Sickness: causes. Solomon Islands. Treatment with charms; medicine. Ghosts fighting; Sea-ghosts. Santa Cruz. Banks' Islands. New Hebrides. (2) Weather: weather doctoring; Banks' Islands, charms. (3) Witch-craft: fragments of food; bones; 'ghost-shooter'; Metamorphosis. (4) Dreams: dreamers. (5) Prophecy: possession by ghosts; prophets. (6) Divination: methods in Solomon Islands and Banks' Islands. (7) Ordeals. (8) Poison. (9) Tapu, taboo: Curses; Oaths
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    191–217
  37. CHAPTER XIII.
  38. POSSESSION. INTERCOURSE WITH GHOSTS.
  39. Madness believed to be possession by Spirits or Ghosts. Other forms of possession. Omens. Vampires. Tricks played by ghosts on men; by men with ghosts. Form of possession in Torres Islands. Tricks. Sneezing
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    218–227
  40. CHAPTER XIV.
  41. BIRTH. CHILDHOOD. MARRIAGE.
  42. Couvade; abortion; infanticide; twins. Birth. Weaning; nose-boring; clothing. Reserve. Separation of sexes. Initiation at Sea. Circumcision; tattoo. Intercourse of sexes; harlots. Betrothal and Marriage. Adultery. Divorce. Levirate. Widowhood; mourning.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    228–246
  43. CHAPTER XV.
  44. DEATH. BURIAL. AFTER DEATH.
  45. Death. Soul called shadow. Native words translated soul, in Florida, Banks' Islands, New Hebrides. Ghosts, two classes. Burial customs in Florida and Bugotu. Hades; ship and bridge of the dead. San Cristoval, Sea-ghosts. Saa, ghosts; Hades; burial; relics; memorials. Santa Cruz. Torres Islands. Banks' Islands. Panoi. Origin of death; burial; driving away ghost; funeral feasts; death-days; state of the dead; judgment. Descents to Panoi. Aurora. Journey of the dead; funeral; death-meals. Lepers' Island. Origin of death; burial; Hades. Pentecost Island. Burying alive
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    247–289
  46. CHAPTER XVI.
  47. ARTS OF LIFE.
  48. Outrigger-canoes; plank-built canoes; voyages; trade. Houses: dwelling-houses; canoe-houses; pile-houses; tree-houses; forts; stone-buildings. Cultivations. Weapons. Fighting. Bows; slings; poisoned arrows. Shell and stone implements; pottery; stone-boiling. Fishing: hooks; floats; nets; kites; traps. Food; Cookery. Native cloth; Dress. Money: mat-money; feather-money; shell-money; money-lending. Decorative Arts, in Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz, Banks' Islands.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    290–331
  49. CHAPTER XVII.
  50. DANCES. MUSIC. GAMES.
  51. Dances. Songs. Drums; pipes; stringed instrument; Æolian flute. Games. Toys: kites; bull-roarer; rattles
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    332–342
  52. CHAPTER XVIII.
  53. MISCELLANEOUS.
  54. Cannibalism. Head-taking. Castaways. Slaves. Burning alive. Sun; moon; stars; eclipses. Months and Seasons. Narcotics. Counting; Measures. Salutations. Wild men
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    343–355
  55. CHAPTER XIX.
  56. STORIES.
  57. I. Animal Stories.—1. Heron and Turtle. 2. Three Fish. 3. Rat and Rail. 4. Birds' Voyage. 5. Shark and Snake. 6. Hen and Chickens., II. Myths, Tales of Origins.—1. Kamakajaku. 2. Samuku. 3. The Mim. 4. Muesarava. 5. Tagaro's Departure. 6. How Tagaro made the Sea. 7. How Tagaro found Fish. 8. How the old Woman made the Sea. III. Wonder Tales.—I. Dilingavuv. 2. Story of an Eel. 3. Molgon and Molwor. 4. Ghost-wife. 5. Ganviviris. 6. The Little Orphan. 7. The Woman and Eel. 8. The Little Owl. 9. The Winged Wife. 10. Taso. 11. Betawerai. 12. Basi and Dovaowari. 13. Deitari. 14. Tarkeke. 15. The Woman and Ghost. 16. Tagaro the Little. 17. Merambuto and Tagaro
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    356–411