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Index:Wireless Networking in the Developing World (WNDW) Third Edition.pdf

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Title Wireless Networking in the Developing World, Third Edition
Author Wireless Networking in the Developing World/Core Contributors see http://wndw.net/who.html
Editor Jane Butler
Year 2013
Publisher The WNDW Project
Source pdf
Progress To be proofread
Transclusion Index not transcluded or unreviewed
Pages (key to Page Status)
- title - - v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii xiv xv xvi xvii xviii xix xx xxi xxii xxiii xxiv xxv xxvi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 - - -
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Contents


ABOUT THIS BOOK

Core Contributors
Support
Authors and editors of earlier versions of the book

INTRODUCTION

The country of Aipotu
Purpose of this book
Fitting wireless into your existing network
How this book is organized

PHYSICS


1. RADIO PHYSICS

What is a wave?
Electromagnetic forces
Symbols of the international system of units
Phase
Polarization
The electromagnetic spectrum
Bandwidth
Frequencies and channels
Behaviour of radio waves
The Huygens Principle
Absorption
Reflection
Diffraction
Interference
Line of sight
Understanding the Fresnel zone
Power
Physics in the real world

2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS BASICS

Modulation
Multiplexing and duplexing
Conclusions

3. LICENSING AND REGULATION

Examples of relevant types of regulation

4. RADIO SPECTRUM

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
How is the spectrum adjudicated?
Political issues
Explosion in spectrum demand
Spectrum scarcity or spectrum hoarding?
IEE 802.22
Developing countries advantage

5. ANTENNAS / TRANSMISSION LINES

Cables
Waveguides
Connectors and adapters
Antenna term glossary
Types of antennas
Reflector theory
Amplifiers
Practical antenna designs
Antenna measurements

NETWORKING


6. NETWORKING

Introduction
Cooperative communications
The OSI model
The TCP/IP model
The Internet Protocols
Internet Protocol Suite
Physical hardware
Putting it all together
Designing the physical network

7. WIFI FAMILY

IEEE 802: What is it, and why should I care?
The 802.11 standard
Deployment planning for 802.11 wireless networks
The 802.22 Standard
Summary

8. MESH NETWORKING

Introduction
Bandwidth impact of multi-hop relaying routes
Summary
Routing protocols for mesh networks
Devices and firmware for embedded devices
Frequently observed problems

9. SECURITY FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS

Introduction
Protecting the wireless network
Physical security for wireless networks
Authentication and access control
Summary
802.1X
Inter-organisational roaming
End to end encryption
Tor & Anonymizers

PLANNING AND DEPLOYMENT


10. DEPLOYMENT PLANNING

Estimating capacity
Calculating the link budget
Link planning software
Avoiding noise
Repeaters
Deployment planning for IPv6

11. HARDWARE SELECTION AND CONFIGURATION

Wired wireless
Choosing wireless components
Commercial vs. DIY solutions
Professional lightning protection
Access Point Configuration
Configure the client
Hints - working outdoors
Troubleshooting

12. INDOOR INSTALLATION

Introduction
Preparations
Bandwidth requirements
Frequencies and data rates
Access Points choice and placement
SSID and Network Architecture
Post Installation

13. OUTDOOR INSTALL

What is needed for a long distance link?
Antenna alignment

14. OFF-GRID POWER

Solar Power
Photovoltaic system components
The solar panel
The battery
Temperature effects
The charge regulator
Converters
Equipment or load
Orientation of the panels
How to size your photovoltaic system
Data to collect
Electrical characteristics of system components
Procedure of calculation
Cables
Cost of a solar installation

MAINTENANCE, MONITORING AND SUSTAINABILITY


15. MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING

Introduction
Building your team
Proper troubleshooting techniques
Common network problems
Trouble tracking and reporting

XIV

16. NETWORK MONITORING Introduction Network monitoring example Detecting network outages Monitoring your network Types of monitoring tools Network detection Spot check tools Protocol analysers Trending tools Throughput testing Realtime tools and intrusion detection Other useful tools What is normal? Establishing a baseline Monitoring RAM and CPU usage Summary

17. ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY Introduction Create a mission statement Evaluate the demand for potential offerings Establish appropriate incentives Research the regulatory environment for wireless Analyse the competition Determine initial and recurring costs and pricing Categories of Costs Secure the financing Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the internal situation Putting it all together Conclusion

295 295 296 298 300 307 308 308 313 315 323 326 329 331 331 337 339

340 340 342 343 345 346 347 347 349 351 354 355 358

GLOSSARY Glossary

360

APPENDICES APPENDIX A: ANTENNA CONSTRUCTION Guidelines for building some simple types of antennas

393 393 XV Collinear omni Cantenna Cantenna as dish feed NEC2

393 403 410 411

APPENDIX B: CHANNEL ALLOCATIONS

412

APPENDIX C: PATH LOSS

414

APPENDIX D: CABLE SIZES

415

APPENDIX E: SOLAR DIMENSIONING

416

Finding the Worst Month Final Calculations

APPENDIX F: RESOURCES

420 422

424

CASE STUDIES Case Studies - Introduction Equipment enclosures Antenna masts Involve the local community Now read on

Case Study: Long Distance 802.11 in Venezuela Introduction Background Action Plan Pico del Aguila Site Survey Antennas El Baùl Site Survey Mérida, Venezuela, 17 April 2006. Can we do better? Acknowledgments

Case Study: Pisces Project

433 433 434 434 435

437 437 437 438 439 441 444 448 448 450

452

Case Study: University Of Ghana campus wireless network 457 Introduction Wifi setup and installation Connecting to the UG campus wireless network

457 458 459 XVI Pictures of our project and installation Challenges we faced Next steps

Case Study: Airjaldi's Garhwal Network, India Introduction Airjaldi’s Garhwal Network: The Airjaldi Garhwal Network – Vital Statistics Realities, needs Summary

Case Study: Open Technology Institute Red Hook initiative Wifi & Tidepools History of the network Social software and growth of the network Expansion after superstorm Sandy Sustainability & future goals Cost of the network Lessons learned Related articles & websites

460 464 465

466 466 466 467 468 479

480 480 480 485 489 494 494 494

495