John Wycliff, last of the schoolmen and first of the English reformers/Chronology of Events connected with Wyclif

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John Wycliff, last of the schoolmen and first of the English reformers (1893)
by Lewis Sergeant
Chronology of Events connected with Wyclif
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3972757John Wycliff, last of the schoolmen and first of the English reformers — Chronology of Events connected with Wyclif1893Lewis Sergeant

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CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS CONNECTED WITH WYCLIFF
a.d. Facts in Wyclif's Life Kings of England Archbishops of Canterbury Popes Kings of France Contemporary Events
1301
to
1353 		  Edward I. Winchelsey Boniface VIII. Philip IV. Increaing power of English Parliament.
          1302. Bull Unam Santcum
      1303. Benedict XI.
[At Avignon.] 		 
1303. Arrest of Boniface. Dante
Petrach
Boccaccio
      1305. Clement V.   1305. Popes at Avignon.
1307. Edward II.       1307. Statute of Provisors (1).
           1311. Council of Vienne: Olivi condemned.
    1313. Reynolds.      
        1314. Louis X.  
        1315. John I.  
      1316. John XXII. 1316. Philip V.  
1320. Born (at Wycliff or Speswell?) Son of Roger and Catherine Wyclif.          
          1322. Franciscan Congregation at Perugia (for evangelical poverty).
        1323. Charles IV.  
           1324. Defensor Pacis written.
  1327. Edward III. 1327. Simon Meopham      
        1328. Philip VI.  1328. Lewis of Bavaria at Rome. Antipope Peter.
          1333. English tribute to Rome suspended.
      1334. Benedict XII.    
1335. At a grammar school in Oxford?          
          1338. Scots and French Wars.
          1340. John of Gaunt and Chaucer born? First lay Chancellor.
      1342. Clement VI.    
          1343. Parliament petitions King against Papal provisions.
          1346. Crécy.
          1347. Rienzi's Revolution.
    1348. John Ufford.      
    1349. Thomas Bradwine.      
    1349. Simon Islip.     1349. Worst visitation of the Plague. Flagellants come to the front.
        1350. John II. 1350. Papal Jubilee: lavish gifts to the Church.
          1351. Statute of Provisors.
      1352. Innocent VI.   1352. Statutes of Labourers.
          1353. Statute of Præmunire (1).
Probably heard Ockham, Bradwardine, and Fitzralph; and read Marsiglio and Cesena. Wyclif specially owns his obligations to Augustine and Grosteste. According to James he was a Doctor of Divinity soon after 1355?? Beneficed in Oxford?(James).          
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CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS CONNECTED WITH WYCLIFF
a.d. Facts in Wyclif's Life Kings of England Archbishops of Canterbury Popes Kings of France Contemporary Events
  Edward III Simon Islip Innocent VI. John II. 1354. Turks cross the Hellespont.
1354
to
1360 		1356. Fellow of Merton

Fellow of Balliol (date unrecorded)

Master of Balliol (date unrecorded)

Lord of the Manor of Wycliffe (a kinght's fee)

        1356. Poitiers.
          1357. Edward refuses tribute to the Pope. Fitzralph attacks Franciscans at Rome. Ockham dies.
          1358. Papal envoys executed in England.
          1360. Treaty of Brétigny.
1361
to
1363. 		1361. Maintains authority of University against the Friars? Rector of Fillingham (college living). Edward III.        
      1362. Urban V.   1362. Jubilee of Edward's life. English language adopted in the courts.
1363. In residence at Queen's. Presents W. Wycliffe to family living of Wycliffe?          
        1364. Charles V.  
1365. King's Chaplain. Probably begins to preach in London. Lectures on Divinity at Oxford. Writes scholastic works—De Esse, De Compositions Hominie, etc.         1365. Suits in Papal court forbidden again.
1366
to
1370. 		1366. Called upon by Parliament to show cause against paying tribute to Rome: Determinatio quædam de Dominio. Edward III. 1366. S.Langham     1366. Parliament refuses tribute to Pope. Wykeham Bishop of Winchester.
          1367. Wykeham Chancellor of England.
1368. In Oxford again.   1368. W. Whittle-sea.      
1369. Presents H. Hugate of Balliol to Wycliffe rectory? Exchanges Fillingham for the poorer living of Ludgarshall.         1369. Portsmouth burnt by the French.
1370. Doctor of Divinity.         1370. Sack of Limoges.
1371. Personal influence of Wyclif at Court, over Princess of Wales, Lancaster, Lord Latimer, Alice Perrers, etc. Also over Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Berkeley and many others. Edward III.   1371. Gregory XI.   1371. Removal of ecclesiastics from offices of state on petition of Commons. Heavier taxation of the Church. Reverses in French and Spanish Wars.
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CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS CONNECTED WITH WYCLIFF
a.d. Facts in Wyclif's Life Kings of England Archbishops of Canterbury Popes Kings of France Contemporary Events
1372
to
1375 		  Edward III. W. Whittlesea. Gregory XI.   1372. English navy destroyed.
          1373. Mission to Avignon about provisions, etc. Courtenay in Convocation demands relief for the Church. Commission on alien incumbents.
1374. Appointed by Crown to living of Lutterworth.

Appointed on Commission to to confer with Papal legates at Bruges.

        1374. Peace with France: mediation of Pope.
1375. Resides at Bruges as Commissioner, fifty days.

Refuses the prebend of Aust.

  1375. S.Sudbury.     1375. Conferences at Bruges, political and ecclesiastical. Compromises effected in both cases.

Senility of the King. Great influence of Alice Perrers. Parliament not summoned this year.

Courtenay Bishop of London.


1376
to
1377 		1376. Complaints of Wyclif made by the friars to the English bishops, and then to Rome.         1376. Good Parliament. Ecclesiastics recalled. Prince of Wales dies. Parliament overruled. Wykeham disgraced and Speaker imprisoned. Pope excommunicates the Florentines. Attacks on foreigners in England.
1377. Summoned to St. Paul's by Courtenay; attended by Lancaster and Percy. Citizens break up the meeting. 1377. Richard II.       1377. Courtenay demands the restoration of Wykeham. Commons packed by John of Gaunt. Attempt to curtail the privileges of the City. Riots in London and Westminster.

First poll-tax.

Death of Edward III. War renewed with France.

In residence at Black Hall, Oxford.

Five Papal bulls against Wyclif, who makes his defence at Oxford and in Parliament.

Wyclif, consulted by Parliament as to payment of Peter's Pence, refutes the claim, but declines to advise non-payment.

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CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS CONNECTED WITH WYCLIFF
a.d. Facts in Wyclif's Life Kings of England Archbishops of Canterbury Popes Kings of France Contemporary Events
1378
to
1380 		1378. Cited to Lambeth; re-asserts his conclusions. Princess of Wales protects him. Londoners again interrupt. He withdraws to Lutterworth or Oxford. Richard II.
SCHISM.
1378 R. Urban VI.
A. Clement VII.
  1378. England acknowledges Pope Urban. Courtenay excommunicates Lancaster's friends. Parliament sits at Gloucester. John of Gaunt

reconciled to the Church.

1379. Serious illness at Oxford. Friars call upon him for retraction. He defies them.

Sends his defence and challenge to Rome. Great literary activity: writes De Veritate Sanctæ Scripiuræ.

        1379. Sudbury appointed Chancellor.
        1380. Charles VI. 1380. New and more stringent poll-tax imposed. John of Gaunt Envoy to Scotland and Lieutenant of the Marches.
1381
to
1382 		1381. Begins to lecture at Oxford against transubstantiation, and carries many with him. Inquiry by Chancellor Berton and a Council of twelve. Wyclif's doctrine condemned, and he is forbidden to lecture. Appeals to the King; John of Gaunt asks him to desist.

Writes his Confession or Apologia, claiming the authority of the earlier Church. Many replies from monks and others. Proceedings against the Poor Priests.

Richard II. 1381. W. Courtenay.     1381. Ruthless exaction of second poll-tax.

Peasants' Revolt; the march on London; terms granted. Cruel suppression, and repudiation of the terms by Parliament; 7,000 executed.

Serfdom virtually ended.

Courtenay Archbishop and Chancellor.

1382. Accused of complicity in the Peasants' Revolt. Cited by Courtenay before a Synod at the priory of the Black Friars in London. He does not attend (through illness or otherwise), but twenty-four of his conclusions are condemned, for heresy or error. (The Earthquake Synod.) His chief supporters condemned at subsequent meetings.

He re-asserts his conclusions at Oxford.

        1382. Richard II. marries Anne of Bohemia.

Parliament calls on Courtenay to proceed against Wyclif and others. He assembles a Synod, sends Stokys to Oxford, reduces Rygge and others to submission.

Processional Litany in London, Whitsunday.

Convocation of St. Frideswide's, Oxford.

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CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS CONNECTED WITH WYCLIFF
a.d. Facts in Wyclif's Life and relating to him Kings of England Archbishops of Canterbury Popes Kings of France Contemporary Events
1382
to
1384 		1382. (Cont.) Greater literary activity. Collects his sermons; writes a number of English tracts, in which he denounces the Papal crusade, the conduct of the Friars, etc. Engaged on English translation of the Bible.

First stroke of paralysis.

Richard II. W. Courtenay.   Charles VI. 1382. (Cont.J Bishop Despencer's expedition(papal crusade) to Flanders ordered by Urban.

Bulls and plenary indulgence proclaimed in England. Active assistance of the Friars.

1383. Persecution of his friends. Some fall away. Continued literary activity. Writes the Trialogus.

Cited to Rome. Excuses himself on the ground of inability to travel.

        1383. Crusade from May to September; disastrous result. The Scots raid Northumberland. John of Gaunt retaliates.

Chaucer assisted by Lancaster. Inclines to Church reform and ecclesiastical poverty.

Gower in his Latin and English poems attacks the peasants, Lollardism, and the policy of Richard II. (1381-97).

1384. Has a second stroke at Lutterworth, Dec. 28th, and dies Dec. 31st.          
1385
to
1401 		1385. Buried in the church at Lutterworth.

Second text of his Bible prepared by Purvey. (The Pleshy Bible, copied for Thomas Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, murdered 1397, was valued amongst his effects at 40s. It is now in the British Museum.)

Richard II.       1385. Commons demand secularisation of Church property.
          1388. Courtenay (under parliamentary powers) proceeds against heretics and seizes books. Lays Leicester under interdict, '89.
      1389. R.Boniface IX.  
           1390. Statute of Provisors enlarged.
          1391. Statute of Mortmain confirmed.
          1393. Second and more stringent Statute of Præmunire. Peace between England and France.
      1394. A. Benedict XIII.    
          1395. Parliament petitions against alien clerics.
    1396. T.Arundel.     1396. Archbishop Arundel opens severely against the Lollards. Accused of intrigues and banished, '97.
1397. Arundel presides over a Synod which condemns eighteen conclusions of Wyclif.        
  1399. Henry IV.       1399. Duke of Lancaster dies. Richard II. deposed.
1401. Jerome of Prague and others carry many works of Wyclif to Bohemia.         1401. Statute De Hcerelico Comburendo. Sawtre burned.
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CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS CONNECTED WITH WYCLIFF
A.D Facts Relating to Wycliff Kings of England Archbishops of Canterbury Popes Kings of France Contemporary Events
1402
to
1455 		1403. Huss protests against condemnation of Wycliffism. Henry IV. T Arundel      
      1404. R. Innocent VII,   1404 and 1410. The Commons renew their demand for secularisation.

The Lollards take sides against Henry IV. at Shrewsbury and elsewhere.

      1406. R. Gregory XII.  
1407. Arundel's Council at Oxford.        
1409. Two hundred and sixty-seven errors gathered by an Oxford committee from Wyclif's works. The books burned at Carfax.     1409. Alexander V.   1409. Council of Pisa. Gregory and Benedict deposed.
1410. Papal bull against Wycliffism in Bohemia. Seventeen works condemned. Huss and others protest; two hundred copies publicly burned.     1410. John XXIII.   1410. Badby of Evesham burned.
1411. Huss excommunicated.         1411. Arundel asserts his right to visit Oxford.
1413. Wyclif's books burned by order of the Council of Rome. 1413. Henry V.       1413. Henry IV. d. Sir John Oldcastle (Lord Cobham) condemned as a heretic. Council at Rome.
    1414. H. Chicheley.     1414. Abp. Arundel d. One hundred alien priories dissolved in England.
          1414-18. Council of Constance. John XXIII. deposed. End of Schism,
1415. The Council of Constance confirms the condemnation of the Council of Rome, and orders Wyclif 's bones to be exhumed and cast forth.     (Interregnum: May 29, 1415-Nov. 11,1417.)   1415. Huss burned at Constance. Battle of Agincourt.
1416. Chicheley's Inquisition.        
      1417. Martin V.   1417. Cobham burned in England; afterwards Claydon and Taillour.
          1418 Beaufort, son of John of Gaunt, made Cardinal; afterwards Kemp and Bourchier.
  1422. Henry VI.     1422. Charles VII.  
1423. Condemnation of Wyclif by the Council of Pavia.         1423 Council of Pavia.
1428. Bishop Flemmyng exhumes and burns Wyclif's bones at Lutterworth.          
          1431 Council of Basle.
    1443. J. Stafford.      
          1450. Rising in Kent.
    1452. J. Kemp.      
    1454 T. Bourchier      
          1455. Civil war breaks out in England. Indications of Lollard or anti-ecclesiastical leanings on the Yorkist side.
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