Motif-Index of Folk-Literature/Volume 1/B/200
B200—B299. Animals with human traits.
B200. Animals with human traits. See in general the literature dealing with fables, with the Romance of Reynard, with the bear-fox cycle of Europe, with the rabbit fox cycle of America, etc. — Irish myth: Cross Fables: Wienert FFC LVI; Hervieux Les Fabulistes latins; Jacobs The Fables of Aesop; Jewish: Neuman; Reynard the Fox: Graf FFC XXXVIII; Bear-fox cycle: Krohn Bär (Wolf) und Fuchs JSFO VI; Dh IV; Rabbit-fox cycle: Parsons MAFLS XV (1) notes; Beckwith MAFLS XVII notes. See also Panchatantra. — Marquesas: Handy 79; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 146, (Chiriguano): ibid. 161, 179.
A522. Animal as culture hero. B773. Animal with human emotions. D682.3. Partial transformation: animal with human mind. F981. Extraordinary death of animal. J1706. Stupid animals. Q557. Miraculous punishment through animals.
B210. Speaking animals. India: Thompson-Balys.
D1610. Magic speaking objects.
B210.1. Person frightened by animals successively replying to his remarks. Example: Man riding horse and followed by dog tells horse to jump over a hole. Horse says, "I will not." Man turns to dog and says, "Isn't that strange — a horse talking!" The dog says, "Yes, isn't it." Often the man runs, meeting other animals which answer him, until he falls exhausted. — U.S.: *Baughman.
B210.2. Talking animal or object refuses to talk on demand. Discoverer is unable to prove his claims: is beaten. — U.S. Negro: Baughman.
B210.3. Formerly animals and man spoke the same language. God took the power of speech from the animals because men refused to kill speaking beasts. — India: Thompson-Balys.
B211. Animal uses human speech. *Chauvin VIII 126 No. 113; *BP I 331. — Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "animaux"; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 13; Hindu: Tawney II 599; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 40 No. 28. See also references given under B200.
B11.4.5. Talking dragon. N451. Secrets overheard from animal conversation.
B211.0.1. Animals speak, praising God, on the night of Christ's Nativity. Irish myth: Cross.
B251.1. Animals rejoice at Christ's birth.
B211.1. Speaking beasts — domestic.
B211.1.1. Speaking sheep. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "mouton"; Missouri-French: Carrière.
B211.1.1.1. Speaking ram. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 117; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "belier".
B211.1.1.1.1. Ram stung by hornet on Sabbath says, "Damn!" Pious owner resolves to sell it next day. — U.S.: Baughman.
B211.1.2. Speaking goat. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "chèvre"; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 55 No. 2.
K366.5. The speaking goat swallows gold coins in temple: voids for master.
B211.1.3. Speaking horse. *Types 531, 532; BP II 274f., III 18; Penzer II 57; Fb "hest" I 598b; *Loomis White Magic 61; Missouri French: Carrière; Greek: Malten Jahrb. d. Kaiserl. deutschen archäologischen Inst. XXIX (1914) 203f. — Russian: v. Löwis of Menar Russische Märchen 313 No. 53, Rambaud La Russie épique 79; Lithuanian: Leskien-Brugmann Nos. 5, 9; Modern Greek: Hahn Griechische und alban. Märchen Nos. 6, 37; Bulgarian: Strauss Bulgarische Volksdichtungen 212, 309; Turkish: Giese Türkische Märchen 37; Hungarian: Ipolyi Zs. f. deutsche Mythologie II 270; India: *Thompson-Balys.
B133. Truthspeaking horse. B149.1. Prophetic horse. B181. Magic horse. B210.1. Person frightened by animals successively replying to his remarks. B401. Helpful horse.
B211.1.3.1. Speaking ass. Type 534*. — Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "áne"; Jewish: Neuman.
B211.1.3.2. Speaking mule. Africa (Kordofan): Frobenius Atlantis IV 53ff. No. 6.
B211.1.4. Speaking hog. Irish myth: Cross; Missouri-French: Carrière; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Benga): Nassau 81 No. 1.
B183. Magic boar (pig).
B211.1.4.1. Boar sings song. Irish myth: Cross.
B214. Animal whistles (sings, etc.).
B211.1.5. Speaking cow. French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.19); Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *543, 481; India: *Thompson-Balys.
B211.1.5.1. Speaking ox. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 812.
B211.1.5.2. Speaking buffalo. India: Thompson-Balys.
B211.1.5.3. Speaking bullock. India: Thompson-Balys.
B211.1.5.4. Speaking yak. India: Thompson-Balys.
B211.1.5.5. Speaking calf. Jewish: Neuman.
B211.1.6. Speaking camel. Loomis White Magic 61; India: Thompson-Balys.
B211.1.7. Speaking dog. Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "chien"; Missouri-French: Carrière; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa: Stanley 105.
B211.1.7.1. Dog sings song. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 363.
B214. Animal whistles (sings, etc.).
B211.1.8. Speaking cat. *Type 545; BP I 329, III 487 (Gr. No. 214). — Danish: Fb "kat" II 108b; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "chats"; Missouri-French: Carrière; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Mitford 253, Ikeda; German: Grimm No. 4.
B211.2. Speaking beast—wild.
B211.2.1. Speaking stag. Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "cerf".
B211.2.2. Speaking lion. *Loomis White Magic 59; German: Grimm No. 60, 67, 88; French-Canadian: Gautier, Sister Marie Ursule (B211.20); Moreno: Esdras (B211.15).
B211.2.2.1. Speaking tiger:. French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.21); India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 41; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 155, 166.
B211.2.2.2. Speaking jaguar. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 155.
B211.2.3. Speaking bear. German: Grimm Nos. 60, 114, 161; French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.22).
B211.2.4. Speaking wolf. Irish myth: Cross (B211.25); German: Grimm Nos. 8, 26, 37, 60; Jewish: Neuman.
B211.2.7. Speaking sea-beast. Irish myth: Cross (B211.17).
B211.2.7.1. Speaking seal. Irish myth: Cross (B211.17.1).
B211.2.8. Speaking mouse. India: Thompson-Balys.
B211.2.9. Speaking rat. India: *Thompson-Balys.
B211.2.10. Speaking monkey. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 42.
B211.3. Speaking bird. Type 516; *Cox 527—9; Penzer I 48; Dickson Valentine and Orson 51 n. 60; Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 53; *Fb "fugl"; Krappe Hispanic Review I (1933) 67ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "oiseau". — Arabian: Burton III 126n, 129ff., SV 300; Bloomfield On Talking Birds in Hindu Fiction (Festschrift für Ernst Windisch) 349ff.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Missouri-French: Carrière; Jewish: Neuman; Africa: Bouveignes 109, (Upoto): Einstein 137, (Duala): Lederbogen V 139. — Cf. Type 720 (BP I 412).
A1904. Oldest bird. B122.2. Birds as reporters of sights and sounds. B131. Bird of truth. B172. Magic bird. B251.3. Birds in otherworld sing religious songs. B450. Helpful bird. D2006.1.3. Forgotten fiancée reawakens husband's memory by having doves converse. H1331.1.4. Quest for speaking bird.
B211.3.1. Speaking turkey. Zuñi: Cushing Zuñi Folk Tales 54ff.
B211.3.2. Speaking cock. Fb "kok" II 248b.; Missouri-French: Carrière; Jewish: Neuman.
B211.3.2.1. Speaking chicken. Jewish: Neuman.
B211.3.3. Speaking goose. India: Thompson-Balys.
B211.3.4. Speaking parrot. India: *Thompson-Balys.
D157. Transformation: man to parrot.
B211.3.5. Speaking dove. Greek: Grote I 355; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 181; Africa (Ba Ronga): Einstein 25.
B211.3.6. Speaking raven. Jewish: Neuman.
B211.3.7. Speaking sparrow. India: Thompson-Balys.
B211.3.8. Speaking vulture. Jewish: Neuman.
B211.3.9. Speaking crow. French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.10.1); India: Thompson-Balys.
B211.4. Speaking insects.
B211.4.1. Speaking ant. French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.23).
B211.4.2. Speaking bee. German: Grimm No. 107.
B211.5. Speaking fish. *Type 303. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "poisson"; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Missouri-French: Carrière; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen VI 92.
B124. Wise fish. B130. Truth-telling animal. B142. Prophetic fish. B175. Magic fish. B243. King of fishes. B470. Helpful fish. D1318.2.1. Laughing fish reveal unjust judgment.
B211.6. Speaking reptile.
B211.6.1. Speaking snake (serpent). Loomis White Magic 63; Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 55. Cf. Satan in the Garden of Eden. — Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Missouri- French: Carrière (B211.14).
B211.7. Speaking amphibia.
B211.7.1. Speaking frog. Cf. Type 440; BP I 1 (Gr. No. 1); Fb "frø"; S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 171; India: Thompson-Balys.
B493. Helpful frog.
B211.7.2. Speaking toad. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "crapaud"; Missouri-French: Carrière (B211.13).
B212. Animal understands human speech. Irish myth: Cross.
B212.0.1. All kinds of animals understand the language of heaven. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.
A1482.1. Hebrew the language of the inhabitants of heaven.
B212.0.2. First animals knew human language. Jewish: Neuman.
B212.1. Fox understands human speech. Nouvelles Recreations No. 29.
B214. Animal whistles (sings, etc.). Chinese: Graham.
B214.1. Singing animal.
B214.1.1. Singing cow. Jewish: Neuman.
B214.1.2. Singing boar. Irish myth: Cross (B211.5.1).
B214.1.3. Singing cat. Jewish: Neuman.
B214.1.4. Singing dog. Africa (Zulu): Callaway 363.
B214.1.5. Singing lion. Jewish: Neuman.
B214.1.6. Singing fox. Jewish: Neuman.
B214.1.7. Singing frog. Jewish: Neuman.
B214.1.8. Singing crab. India: Thompson-Balys.
B214.1.8.1. Crab sings about his captivity. India: Thompson-Balys.
B214.1.9. Singing mouse. Jewish: Neuman.
B214.1.10. Singing snake.
B214.1.11. Singing hippopotamus. Africa (Nyang): Ittman 49.
B214.1.12. Singing elephant. Africa (Nyang): Ittman 49.
B214.2. Whistling animals.
B214.2.1. Whistling toad. Chinese: Graham.
B214.3. Laughing animal.
B214.3.1. Laughing toad. Chinese: Graham.
B214.4. Weeping animal.
B214.4.1. Weeping toad. Chinese: Graham.
B215. Animal languages. The various animals have languages of their own. (Cf. B251.1.2.) — *Type 517, 670, 671; *BP I 131, 322, 323 n. 1; **Aarne FFC XV; *Chauvin V 180, 296.
B215.0.1. Animals taught one another's language. India: Thompson-Balys.
B215.1. Bird language. *Types 517, 671, 781; *BP I 322; Cox 497 n. 32; *W. Seelman "Die Vogelsprachen (Vogelparlamente) der mittelalterlichen Literatur" Jahrh. d. Vereins f. niederdeutsche Sprachforschung XIV 102f; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 86 n. 2 (Melampus); Icel.: Volsungasaga p. 45, cf. von Sydow Favne; Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 87 No. 90a; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer *II 107, IV 145; India: *Thompson-Balys.
B215.2. Dog language. *Type 671. — Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "chien".
B215.2.1. Dog language understood by fox. Nouvelles Recreations No. 29.
B215.3. Fox language. Nouvelles Recreations No. 29.
B215.4. Frog language. *Type 671.
B215.5. Serpent language. Irish myth: Cross.
B176. Magic serpent.
B215.5.1. Lizard's language. India: *Thompson-Balys.
B215.6. Insects' language. India: Thompson-Balys.
B215.6.1. Ant language. India: Thompson-Balys.
B216. Knowledge of animal languages. Person understands them. — *Types 517, 670, 671; *Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. VIII 18; *BP I 321; Köhler-Bolte I 145, II 340; *Grunwald Hessische Blätter f. Vksk. LXI 316; Icel.: Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "langage"; Hindu: Penzer I 107 n. 1, VII 3 n. 2; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Korean: Zong in-Sob 101 No. 55; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 68, 153, 412; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 16 No. 8; Buriat: Holmberg Siberian 427. — Africa (Benga): Nassau 227 No. 34.
B165. Animal languages learned from animal. H1214. Quest assigned because of hero's knowledge of animal languages. J816.1. King brought to sense of duty by feigned conversation of birds. M302.1. Prophesying through knowledge of animal languages. N547. Understanding of animal languages leads to discovery of treasure. N451. Secrets overheard from animal conversation. V223.5. Saint understands language of wren, fly, cat.
B217. Animal language learned. *Types 517, 670, 671, 672, 673, 670B*, 671*, BP I 132; **Aarne FFC XV; *Frazer "The Language of Animals" Archeological Review I (1888) 166 ff.; *Chauvin VIII 49 No. 17; Cox 496 n. 32. — Wesselski Morlini 314 No. 71; Gaster Exempla 248 No. 352; Wesselski Märchen 221 No. 35; Icel.: Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.
B165. Animal languages learned from animal. C425. Tabu: revealing knowledge of animal languages. D1301. Magic object teaches animal language. D1301.4. Bird's head (when eaten) teaches animal language. D1815. Magic knowledge of strange tongues.
B217.1. Animal languages learned from eating animal. Irish myth: Cross, *MacCulloch Celtic 166.
D1793. Magic results from eating or drinking. D1811.1. Magic wisdom from eating or drinking.
B217.1.1. Animal languages learned from eating serpent. (Cf. B176.) — *Type 673; *BP I 131 (Gr. No. 17); *Cox 496 n. 32; *Norlind Skattsägner 37ff.; **Scott Thumb; Philostratres Life of Apollonius (Loeb ed.) 57; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 17 No. 8; Icel.: Boberg.
B217.1.2. Animal languages learned from eating dragon's heart. Smith Evolution of the Dragon 82; *BP I 131; *von Sydow Fåvne 35ff.; **Scott Thumb.
D1301.2. Drinking blood teaches animal languages.
B217.2. Animal languages learned from eating plant. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "herbe"; *Cox 496 n. 32.
D965. Magic plant.
B217.3. Animal languages learned from ghosts (spirits). Gaster Exempla 248 No. 352. — Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 99.
E373. Ghosts bestow gifts on living.
B217.4. Animal languages learned from carrying churchyard mould in hat. Fb. "kirkegárdsmuld".
D1301.1. Magic turf from church-roof teaches animal languages.
B217.5. Bird language learned by having ears magically cleansed. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 363 n. 2 (Athena and Tiresius).
B217.6. Animal languages learned by exchanging tongues with helpful dragon. Italian Novella: Rotunda.
B217.7. Stone deity (image of) confers upon man powers of understanding animal language. India: Thompson-Balys.
B217.8. Language of animals learned by Adam from Eve. Jewish: Neuman.
B220. Animal kingdom (or community). Wienert FFC LVI 47 (classic fables). — Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "ville". — India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 348 n. 253a.
A2546. Animal granted patent of nobility. B240. King of animals. F127. Journey to underground animal kingdom. F531.6.2. Haunts of giants. F700. Extraordinary places.
B221. Animal kingdom — quadrupeds.
Q433.3. Zeus has embassy of dogs imprisoned for fouling his court. W128.2. Unsatisfied fox. In kingdom of lions laments that he always gets the worst bits of food.
B221.1. Kingdom of monkeys. Chauvin VII 40 No. 153; India: Thompson-Balys.
B221.2. Kingdom of rats. India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.
B241.2.4. King of rats.
B221.2.1. Procurator of rats. Serpent has the office. — Fb "lindorm" II 433a.
B221.3. Land of lions. Icel.: Boberg.
B221.4. Land of elephants. Icel.: Boberg.
B221.5. Land of mice. India: *Thompson-Balys.
B221.6. Land of tigers.
B221.6.1. Village of wer-tigers. India: Thompson-Balys.
D112.2. Transformation: man to tiger.
B222. Kingdom (land) of birds. Arabian: Burton Nights VIII 91; Japanese: Anesaki 324, Ikeda.
B222.1. Land of pigeons. India: Thompson-Balys.
B222.2. Land of peacocks. India: Thompson-Balys.
B222.3. Land of parakeets. India: Thompson-Balys.
B222.4. Land of parrots. India: Thompson-Balys.
B223. Kingdom of fishes. India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Hartland Science 174, Ikeda. — N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 342 n. 236.
B223.1. Kingdom of sharks. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 140.
B224. Kingdom of insects.
B224.1. Kingdom of ants. Chauvin VII 40 No. 153 n. 3; Jewish: Neuman.
B225. Kingdom of reptiles.
B225.1. Kingdom of serpents. Icel.: Boberg; Chauvin V 256f. No. 152; India: Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 388.
B244.1. King of serpents. B549.5. Frog rescues man from kingdom of the snakes. C711. Tabu: going into bath on return from serpent kingdom. R152.6. Wife gels back her husband from land of serpents by charming him with her beautiful dance.
B225.1.1. Snake kingdom under the sea. — India: Thompson-Balys.
F133. Submarine otherworld.
B226. Kingdom of amphibia.
B226.1. Community of toads. German: Grimm Nos. 63, 127.
B226.2. Community of frogs. Jewish: Neuman.
B230. Parliament of animals. E. Voigt "Odo de Ciringtonis und seine Quellen" Zs. f. d. Alterthum XXIII (N.F. XI) 283; Africa: Stanley 222, (Fang): Trilles 176, Tessman 54, (Wute): Sieber 205, (Duala): Ebding 142, (Wakweli): Bender 62; India: Thompson-Balys.
B232. Parliament of birds. (Cf. B236.1, B238.) — Type 220; *BP III 278ff. — *Robinson Complete Works of Chaucer 900ff.; T. Wright The Owl and the Nightingale (Percy Society, 1834); Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "oiseaux"; Hindu: *Penzer V 100 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys; — Seneca (Indians): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 695 No. 133.
K815.8. Hawk persuades doves to elect him their king. Kills them. L147.1. Tardy bird alone succeeds at bird convocation.
B232.1. St. Valentine's Day for bird assembly. Sartori Sitte u. Brauch III 88; M. Höfler Das Jahr im oberbayerischen Volksleben (München 1899) 11; G. L. Gomme (ed) Mother Bunch's Closet Newly Broke Open (Leipzig 1839) II (1) 357f.; E. Schröder Korrespondenzblatt des Vereins f. niederdeutsche Sprachforschung XXXVI (1917—1918) 77; *Seelman (cf. B215 above); Sachs "Das Regiment der anderthalbhundert Vogel" (Stuttgart Verein CV) 278ff.
B233. Parliament of fishes. (Cf. B236.2.) — *BP III 284 (Gr. No. 172); *Dh IV 192 ff.
B233.1. Council of fishes decide to get rid of men (who eat fish). India: Thompson-Balys.
J671.1. Belling the cat. — J2214.6. Men must have been calves once (for they are fond of milk). Fish so reason.
B234. School of animals. India: Thompson-Balys.
B235. Secrets discussed in animal meeting. *Type 613; *BP II 481 (Gr. Nos. 6, 55, 88, 125, 119a); "Christiansen FFC XXIV; Fb "bjørn" IV 43a; Bloomfield Am. Journ. of Philology XLI 309ff.; Bloomfield in Penzer VII viii; — Missouri-French: Carrière; India: Thompson-Balys.
B513. Remedy learned from overhearing animal meeting. B561. Animals tell hero their secrets. N451. Secrets overheard from animal conversation.
B236. Animal parliament elects king. *Type 221; *Dh IV 192ff.; *BP III 278, 284 (Gr. Nos. 171, 172); Wienert FFC LVI 47 (ET 59—63); Penzer V100 n. 1. — Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 280, (Angola): Chatelain 211 Nos. 32, 33.
B240. King of animals. P11. Choice of kings.
B236.0.1. Animal king chosen as result of a contest. Type 221; *BP III 278; Dh IV 169ff. — India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 155 No. 30.
K11. Race won by deception. K25. Plying contest won by deception.
B236.1. Election of king of birds. (Cf. B232.) — *Type 221; *BP III 278 (Gr. No. 171); Penzer V 100ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 304; Bedker Exempler 293 No. 53; Japanese: Ikeda.
B242.1.2. Wren king of birds. Wins contest for kingship.
B237. Drinking-bout assembly of animals. Dh II 298ff.; Riegler Wörter und Sachen VI (1914—15) 194f.
B238. Animal council assigns place and work to all.
B238.1. Bird council assigns place and work to all. Eagle as judge. (Cf. B232). — Type 220. Cf. Chaucer "Parlement of Foules".
B238.2. Bird council assigns coats to different birds. India: Thompson-Balys.
B239. Parliament of animals — miscellaneous.
B239.1. Election of fox as mediator to appease angry lion. Jewish: Neuman.
B240. King of animals. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "roi", "bêtes"; Fb "konge" II 265a; Jātaka Index s.v. "king"; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman.
A2547. Why certain animal is king. B220. Animal kingdom. B236. Animal parliament elects king. P11. Choice of kings.
B240.1. Bear as king of animals. *Fb "bjørn" IV 42b.
B240.2. Rabbit as king of animals. Chuh (Indians of Guatemala): Kunst JAFL XXVIII 353 No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.
B240.3. Wild man as king of animals. Chinese: Werner 392.
B240.4. Lion as king of animals. (Cf. K961, K962, K1632.) — Wienert FFC LVI 47; Benfey Panchatantra I 91, 230; Bedker Exempler 277 No. 17, 303 No. 74; Jewish: Neuman; Graf FFC XXXVII passim; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.
B240.4.1. Minister of lion-king a crane. India: Thompson-Balys.
B240.5. Tortoise as king of animals. Africa (Mbundu): Bell JAFL XXXV 135ff. No. 15.
B240.6. Gazelle as king of animals. Africa (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. Kolonialspr. IV 195f. No. 8.
B240.7. Buffalo as king of animals. Africa (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. Kolonialspr. IV 198ff. No. 10.
B240.8. Fox as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.
B240.9. Dog as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.
B240.10. Wolf as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.
B240.11. Camel as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.
B240.12. Monkey as king of animals. Wienert FFC LVI 47.
B240.13. Tiger as king of animals. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; India: Thompson-Balys.
B240.14. Elephant as king of animals. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fang): Trilles 175, (Cameroon): Mansfield passim.
B240.15. Crocodile as king of animals. Africa (Fang): Trilles 158.
B241. King of beasts (quadrupeds).
B241.1. Various beasts as king of beasts.
B241.2. King of the various kinds of beasts.
B241.2.1. King of lions. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "roi"; Malone PMLA XLIII 409.
B241.2.2. King of monkeys. Cowell Jataka III 225 No. 407; Penzer V 127ff.; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 287; Chinese: Eberhard 40 No. 27, 411 s.v. "Affenkönig".
J815.1. Lion rewarded by king of apes.
B241.2.3. Kino of cats. Fb "kattekonge". — English: Jacobs More Eng. 237; Irish myth: Cross.
B184. Magic cat. B342. Cat leaves house when report is made of death of one of his companions. B871.10. Giant cat.
B241.2.4. King of rats. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "rats"; India: Thompson-Balys; Korean: Zong in-Sob 28 No. 12.
B221.2. Kingdom of rats.
B241.2.5. King of mice. English: Jacobs English 82 No. 17; India: *Thompson-Balys.
M244.1. Bargain with king of mice.
B241.2.6. King of hares. Penzer V 101f.; Bødker Exempler 294 No. 54.
B241.2.7. King of dogs. Fb "hund" IV 227b.
B241.2.8. King of tigers. Africa (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair West African Folk-Tales 105ff. No. 19.; India: *Thompson-Balys.
B241.2.8.1. Newly-born divine twins cared for by mother-of-tigers. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 161.
B241.2.9. King of jackals. India: *Thompson-Balys.
J951.6. King of jackals captured because of his large banner.
B241.2.10. King of deer. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 69.
B241.2.11. King of elephants. Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 275, 308; Wienert FFC LVI 47; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 415, 483, 921.
B241.2.12. King of the boars. Irish myth: Cross; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 986, II 819f.
B241.2.13. King of antelopes. India: Thompson-Balys.
B241.2.14. King of mongooses. Africa (Ganda): Rowling Tales of Sir Apolo 44ff.
B241.3. Man transformed to beast becomes leader of herd. Irish myth: Cross.
B242. King of birds. *Type 221; *BP III 278 (Gr. No. 171). — Irish myth: Cross; Bødker Exempler 293, 2.; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "oiseaux"; Missouri-French: Carrière; English: Jacobs English 82 No. 17; Hindu: Tawney I 183, II 65 n.; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 40, 437.
C841.2. Tabu: hunting birds. Supernatural lover (king of birds) tells woman that son must not do so.
B242.1. Various birds as king of birds.
K815.8. Hawk persuades doves to elect him their king. Kills them.
B242.1.1. Eagle king of birds. BP III 279; Icel.: Boberg.
B242.1.2. Wren king of birds. Wins contest for kingship. (Cf. B236.1.) — *Type 221; *BP III 278 (Gr. No. 171); Irish myth: Cross; Japanese: Ikeda.
B242.1.2.1.. Wren as "druid of the birds" (drui én). Irish myth: Cross.
P427. Druid (magus).
B242.1.3. Hornbill king of birds. India: Thompson-Balys.
B242.1.4. Pelican as king of birds. Africa (Duala): Gehr Zs. f. Kolonialspr. VII 25ff.
B242.1.5. Shrike as king of birds. Madagascar (Merina): Renel Contes de Madagascar II 160ff. No. 100.
B242.1.6. Jackdaw king of birds. Wienert FFC LVI 47.
B242.1.7. Peacock king of birds. Wienert FFC LVI 47.
B242.1.8. Owl as king of birds. India: Thompson-Balys.
B242.1.9. Swan as king of birds. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 8.
B242.1.10. Ziz as king of birds. Jewish: Neuman.
B242.2. King of the various kinds of birds.
B242.2.1. King of crows. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "corbeaux"; India: *Thompson-Balys.
B242.2.2. King of doves. India: *Thompson-Balys.
B242.2.3. King of kites. India: Thompson-Balys.
B242.2.4. King of pigeons. India: Thompson-Balys.
B242.2.5. King of peacocks. India: Thompson-Balys.
B242.2.6. King of quails. India: Thompson-Balys.
B242.2.7. King of sparrows. India: Thompson-Balys.
B242.2.8. King of parrots. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 572.
B242.2.9. King of geese. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 948, II 581.
B242.2.10. King of swans. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 98, 210, 242, 447.
B242.2.11. King of vultures. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 269.
B242.2.12. King of larks. Crane Vitry I No. 4.
B243. King of fishes. (Cf. B236.2.) *Type 303; *BP I 528, III 284 (Gr. No. 172); *Dh IV 192ff.; Hartland Science 174. — Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "poisson"; Missouri French: Carrière; India: *Thompson-Balys. — Africa (Angola): Chatelain 65 No. 3; S. A. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 6, 52.
B107. Treasure-fish. B124. Wise fish. B142. Prophetic fish. B142.1. King of fishes prophesies hero's birth. B175. Magic fish. B211.11. Speaking fish. B223. Kingdom of fishes. B233. Parliament of fishes. B236.2. Election of king of fishes. B375.1. Fish returned to water: grateful. B470. Helpful fish.
B243.1. Various fishes as king of fishes.
B243.1.1. Herring as king of fishes. *BP III 284, 285 n. 1 (Gr. No. 172).
B243.1.2. Eel as king of fishes. S. A. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 6.
B243.1.3. Shark as king of fishes. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth.
B243.2. King of various kinds of fishes.
B243.2.1. King of salmon. Japanese: Hartland Science 174.
B243.2.2. King of eels. Fb "al" III 1190b.
B244. King of reptiles.
B244.1. King of serpents (snakes). *Type 672; BP II 463f.; *Fb "snogekonge" III 437b, "lindorm" II 433 b, "hugormekonge" I 667. — Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 213ff., (1928) 139ff. — Hindu: Keith 154; Penzer VI 29; India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 27, 64, 230, 1149, II 529, 556; Chinese: Eberhard 17 No. 8; Zanzibar: Bateman 202 No. 10.
B225.1. Kingdom of serpents. H939.4.1. Serpent-king assigns task.
B244.1.1. Queen of watersnakes. India: Thompson-Balys.
B244.1.2. Serpent king resides in lake. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 981.
B244.1.3. Gigantic hood of serpent king. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 796.
B244.1.4. Four royal families of snakes. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 231.
B244.2. Naga-king. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 694.
B244.3. King of lizards. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 657.
B245. King of amphibians.
B245.1. King of frogs. Type 440, Grimm No. 1; BP I 1ff.; Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 369; Bødker Exempler 297 No. 61; Cosquin Études 530; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "roi", "grenouille". — English: Jacobs English 237; Hindu: Keith 147; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard 76 No. 43.
J643.1. Frogs demand a live king. Zeus has given them a log as king.
B245.2. Turtle king. India: Thompson-Balys.
B246. King of insects.
B246.1. King of ants. Fb "myre".
B246.2. King (sultan) of flies. Africa (Swahili): Baker FL XXXVIII 183ff., No. 1.
B246.3. King of bees. Chinese: Eberhard 102 No. 59.
B248. King of dragons. Chinese: Graham.
B250. Religious animals. Günter Christliche Legende des Abendlandes 80ff.; Irish myth: Cross; Panchatantra (tr. Ryder) 334; Jewish: Neuman.
A2221. Animal characteristics as reward for pious act. A2231. Animal characteristics: punishment for impiety. B149.1.2. Horse weeps for master's (saint's) approaching death. B151.0.1. Horses travel between clerics without guidance. B563.4. Animal leads cleric to holy place. F171.5. Animals in otherworld pass in and out of church and become human beings. Q535.2. Penance: lioness foregoes meat. Q557. Miraculous punishment through animals. V. Religion. V35.1.1. Horse kneels before stolen sacrament. V331.9. Swans (transformed children) do not suffer in harsh weather after conversion to Christianity.
B251. Animals praise or worship.
B251.1. Animals rejoice at Christ's birth. Irish myth: Cross; English: Child V 485 s.v. "joy".
B211.0.1. Animals speak praising God on night of Christ's nativity. V211.1. Nativity of Christ.
B251.1.1. Animals worship infant Jesus. *Dh II 12ff. — Alphabet No. 554. — Irish myth: Cross; Spanish Exempla: Keller.
B251.1.2. Animals speak to one another at Christmas. DeCock Volkskunde XXI 52ff.; Luzel Légendes Chretiennes de la Basse Bretagne II 333; Tille Die Geschichte der deutschen Weinacht 66f.; Wossidlo Mecklenbürgische Volksüberlieferung II (1) 59, 369; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *748; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 47 No. 237; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 637.
B251.1.2.1. Cock crows, "Christus natus est." English: Child I 240ff., 505f., II 501, IV 451f.
B251.1.2.2. Cows speak to one another on Christmas. (Cf. B215.) — Fb "ko" II 240b.
B251.1.2.3. Cows kneel in stable at midnight of Eve of Old Christmas. England, U.S.: *Baughman.
B251.2. Animals honor saint (cleric). Irish myth: Cross (B251.13).
B251.2.1. Animals sing in honor of a saint. Köhler-Bolte I 148; Irish myth: Cross.
B292.5. Bird sings to console man (saint). D2011.1. Years seem moments while man listens to song of bird.
B251.2.2. Fish perform races as welcome to saint. Irish myth: Cross.
B175. Magic fish.
B251.2.3. Wolves lick saint's shoes. Irish myth: Cross.
B251.2.4. Fly habitually buzzes when cleric returns from matins. Irish myth: Cross.
B259.5. Fly, wren, fox live with cleric.
B251.2.5. Birds beat waters with wings as welcome to saint. Irish myth: Cross.
B172. Magic bird.
B251.2.6. Deer lick saint's tomb daily at noon. Irish myth: Cross.
B188. Magic deer. D1775. Magic results from licking.
B251.2.6.1. Water-monsters lick saint's feet. Irish myth: Cross.
B251.2.6.2. Cow licks saint's feet. Irish myth: Cross.
B251.2.7. Wild animals as saint's disciples. *Loomis White Magic 63.
B251.2.7.1. Fish come in great numbers to the bank of a stream in order to hear Anthony of Padua preach. *Loomis White Magic 70.
B251.2.8. Sea-monster honors saint above all others. Irish myth: Cross.
B251.2.9. Birds lament saint's departure. Irish myth: Cross.
B736. Bird sheds tears.
B251.2.10. Cow gives twelve measures of milk for the twelve apostles of Ireland. Irish myth: Cross.
D1652.3. Cow with inexhaustible milk.
B251.2.10.1. Brilliantly white cow comes to be milked for infant saint. Irish myth: Cross.
B251.2.11. Lion lies down at feet of saint. Saintyves Saints Successeurs 133.
B251.2.12. Birds take part at saint's funeral. Jewish: Neuman.
B251.3. Animals sing songs of praise. Jewish: Neuman (cow, cat, lion, mouse, cock, vulture, fish, frog); Irish myth: Cross.
B251.3.1. Birds in otherworld sing religious songs. Patch PMLA XXXIII 626 n. 89; Irish myth: Cross.
F167.1. Animals in otherworld.
B251.4. Animals pray. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.
B251.4.1. Beast invokes saint's protection. Irish myth: Cross.
B211.17. Speaking sea-beast. D1766.10. Magic results produced in name of saint.
B251.4.1.1. Wild beast seeks protection of saint against hunters. *Loomis White Magic 61f.
B251.5. Animals fast. Irish myth: Cross (B251.4).
B251.6. Animals keep religious precepts. India: Thompson-Balys.
B251.7. Animal makes religious oath.
B251.7.1. Wolf swears by God. Jewish: Neuman.
B251.8. Animals observe sacred revelation.
B251.8.1. Singing of birds ceases at time of revelation. Jewish: Neuman.
B251.9. Animals make religious responses. Jewish: Neuman.
B251.10. Animals lick Christ-child. Irish myth: Cross.
D1775. Magic results from licking. V211.1. Christ.
B252. Animal churchmen.
P120. Church dignitaries.
B252.1. Animal monks. Irish: Plummer Vitae Sanctorum Hiberniae cxli.; Irish myth: Cross.
B252.2. Birds (in otherworld) call at canonical hours. Irish myth: Cross.
V48. The canonical hours.
B252.3. Priest of snakes. India: Thompson-Balys.
A2777.1. Why fig tree is Chief Priest of the trees.
B253. Animals perform offices of church.
B253.1. Snakes have mass. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 310 No. 34.
B253.2. Wolves have annual (church) feast. Irish myth: Cross.
B253.3. Fox fasts as penance. (Cf. B251.4.) — Irish myth: Cross.
P623. Fasting (as means of distraint). Q520. Penances.
B253.4. Spider performs penance. India: Thompson-Balys.
B253.5. The deer with a cross carried between their horns. *Loomis White Magic 61.
B253.6. Deer with candles on the tops of their antlers. *Loomis White Magic 61.
B255. Miracle wrought for animal. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.
V221.4.0.1. Saint cures frenzied animal. V224.4. Performing fox accidentally killed, miraculously replaced by saint.
B256. Animal as servant of saint. (Cf. B292.) — *Loomis White Magic 63; Irish myth: Cross; Irish: Plummer cxliiff.
B256.0.1. Animal deluded by saint. Irish myth: Cross.
B256.1. Birds nest in saint's hand (cowl). — Saints' legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi.; Irish myth: Cross.
B256.1.1. Birds perch on hands and head of saint. Irish myth: Cross.
B256.2. St. Anthony's pigs. Pigs dedicated to saint held sacred. — Italian Novella: Rotunda.
B256.3. Deer makes its horns available as a bookholder to a saint. *Loomis White Magic 61.
B256.3.1. Deer furnish bier and bear saint's corpse to church. Irish myth: Cross.
B256.4. Domesticated wolves. *Loomis White Magic 60.
B256.4.1. Wolves guard saint's cattle like watchdogs when he is absent. *Loomis White Magic 59.
B256.5. Obedience of the feathered creatures to the commands of saint. *Loomis White Magic 67f.
B256.5.1. Birds protect saint and serve him. *Loomis White Magic 68.
B450. Helpful birds.
B256.6. Boar serves saint. (Cf. B183.) — Irish myth: Cross.
B256.6.1. Boar guards holy man's swine. Irish myth: Cross.
B576. Animal as guard.
B256.6.2. Boar makes music for holy man. Irish myth: Cross.
B256.6.3. Boar acts as physician for holy man: licks his wounded feet. Irish myth: Cross.
B251.2.3. Wolves lick saint's shoes.
B256.7. Tiger sweeps temple for saint. India: Thompson-Balys.
B256.8. Saint's prayer causes wolf to bring back child. Saintyves: Saints Successeurs 129.
B256.9. Stags plow for saint. Irish myth: Cross.
B256.10. Fly, wren, fox live with cleric. Irish myth: Cross.
B256.11. Wolf returns sheep stolen from saint. Irish myth: Cross.
B442. Helpful wolf. K423.0.1. Stolen animal returns to owner.
B256.12. Whale raises back so that voyaging clerics can land to celebrate Easter. Irish myth: Cross.
B472. Helpful whale. V75. Easter. V462.10. Asetic cleric lives for seven years on whale's back.
B257. Animal funeral. *Type 2021; *BP II 146 (Gr. No. 80).
Z32. The funeral procession of the hen.
B259. Miscellaneous religious animals.
B189.1.1. Wethers leap from well: payment for saint's baptism.
B259.1. Ass insists upon payment of tithes. When stolen by thieves, the ass refuses to eat for three days because the thieves' provender has not been tithed. — Hebrew: Gaster Exempla 228 No. 235; Jewish: Neuman.
B259.2. Sabbath-keeping cow. Refuses to work on Sabbath. — Jewish: Bin Gorion Born Judas² II 92, *342; Jewish: Neuman.
B259.3. Hog will not accept food from excommunicated men. Alphabet No. 312.
B259.4. Bees build church of wax to contain consecrated host. (Cf. A2012.1.) — *Kittredge Witchcraft 150, 469 n. 112; Alphabet No. 695. — *Loomis White Magic 65. — Irish myth: Cross.
V30. Sacrament. V111. Churches.
B259.4.1. Animals refrain from spoiling consecrated food. Irish myth: Cross.
B259.5. Bird's wings drip blood when birds hear of Day of Judgment. Irish myth: Cross.
B260. Animal warfare. Wienert FFC LVI 48 (ET 64—68).
B260.1. Two groups of animals make peace treaty. Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 213 No. 1 (18); Shuswap: Teit JE II 658f.
B261. War of birds and quadrupeds. *Type 222; BP II 435 (Gr. No. 102); *Dh III 3ff. , 226, IV 197ff. — Crane Vitry No. 153; Scala Celi No. 417. Japanese: Ikeda. — Africa: Frobenius Atlantis VIII 253, IX 115, XI 128.
K2323.1. Fox's tail drops and frightens animals. War between birds and quadrupeds.
B261.1. Bat in war of birds and quadrupeds. Because of ambiguous form joins first one side and then the other. Discredited. — Wienert FFC LVI *48 (ET 66, 67), *52 (ET 166), 134 (ST 398, 399); Halm Aesop Nos. 307, 391; Dh IV 197ff.; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Benga): Nassau 163 No. 21, (Ibo, Nigeria): Basden 281, Thomas 161 (hornbill), (Mpongwe): Nassau 53 No. 8 (crocodile), (Yoruba): Ellis 252 No. 3.
K2030. Double dealers.
B261.1.1. Tame elephant not accepted by wild brethren. India: Thompson-Balys.
B262. War between domestic and wild animals. *Type 104; *BP I 425. — Japanese: Ikeda.
K2323. The cowardly duelers. War between the wild and the domestic animals.
B263. War between other groups of animals.
B263.1. War between toads and frogs. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s. v. "crapauds".
B263.2. War between elephants and ants. Indonesian: De Vries's list No. 132.
B263.3. War between crows and owls. — Spanish Exempla: Keller; Hindu: Penzer V 98—113. — Panchatantra III intr. (tr. Ryder) 291ff; Bødker Exempler 293 No. 52.
B263.4. War between birds and reptiles. India: Thompson-Balys.
B263.5. War between groups of birds. Irish myth: Cross.
B263.5.1. War between birds and eagle. Jewish: Neuman.
B263.6. War of monkeys and grasshoppers. Chinese: Graham.
B263.7. War between serpents and storks. Jewish: Neuman.
B263.8. War between lion and other animals. Jewish: Neuman.
B264. Single combat between animals. Wienert FFC LVI 48. — Indonesia: DeVries's list No. 116. — Icel.: *Boberg; Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.
D1812.5.0.8. Divination from animal fight.
B264.1. Fight between animal and houndpack. Irish myth: Cross.
B264.2. Fight between eagle and fish. India: Thompson-Balys.
B264.3. Duel of buffalo and tiger. Buffalo arms self. — India: Thompson-Balys.
B264.4. Fight between snake and millipede. Chinese: Eberhard 32 No. 18.
B264.5. Fight between ape and tortoise. Africa (Togo): Einstein 15f.
B265. Animals continually rend each other. Irish myth: Cross.
B266. Animals fight. Irish myth: Cross.
F171.4. Fighting animals seen in otherworld.
B266.1. Thirsty cattle fight over well. Irish myth: Cross.
B267. Animal allies. (Cf. A2493.)
B267.1. Alliance of dog and wolf. Jewish: Neuman.
B267.2. Alliance of sheep and dog. Jewish: Neuman.
B267.3. Alliance of raven and crow. Jewish: Neuman.
B267.4. Alliance of cock and seafowl. Jewish: Neuman.
B268. Animal soldiers. India: *Thompson-Balys.
F873. Extraordinary army.
B268.1. Army of apes. Hindu: Keith 128; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 328 (monkeys).
B268.2. Cavalry of dogs. Chauvin VII 40 No. 153.
B268.2.1. War-dogs. Icel.: *Boberg.
B571.3. Animals fight together with their master. H1588. Contest of dogs.
B268.3. War-elephants. Icel.: *Boberg.
B268.4. Sorcerer's army of magic animals. Icel.: þidriks saga II 271, *Boberg.
B421. Helpful dog.
B268.5. Army of birds. India: Thompson-Balys.
B268.5.1. Army of quails. Jewish: Neuman.
B268.6. Army of mice. India: *Thompson-Balys.
B268.7. Army of snakes. India: *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Upoto): Einstein 121.
B268.7.1. Army of snakes and scorpions. Jewish: Neuman.
B268.8. Insect army. India: Thompson-Balys.
B268.8.1. Army of hornets. Jewish: Neuman.
B268.8.2. Army of locusts. Jewish: Neuman.
B268.8.3. Army of wasps. Jewish: Neuman.
B268.9. Army of tigers. India: *Thompson-Balys.
B268.10. Army of cows. India: Thompson-Balys.
B268.11. Army of cats. India: Thompson-Balys.
B268.12. Army of boars. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 819.
B268.13. Army of hyenas. Africa: Stanley 261.
B270. Animals in legal relations. **Cabanès Les animaux en justice (L'indiscretions de l'histoire, 5e serie, procedures singulières, Paris, 1920), **Lossouarn Les animaux en justice aux temps jadis (Bordeaux, 1905). — Spanish Exempla: Keller; Bødker Exempler 289 No. 40, 294 No. 55.; Jewish: Neuman.
J1172.3. Ungrateful animal returned to captivity. J1852. Goods sold to animals. P510. Law courts.
B270.1. Lawsuit between the owl and kite. India: Thompson-Balys.
B270.2. Lawsuit between owl and mouse. Africa. (Wakweli): Bender 38.
B271. Animals as plaintiffs.
B271.1. Parrot and sparrow argue right to inherit property left by man. Sparrow says his interests are the same as man's; parrot says that he caused all man's wealth, since man sold his feathers. People's decision for parrot. — Africa (Fang): Nassau 237 No. 5.
B271.2. Grain as damages for injury to cat. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 294 No. 10.
B271.3. Animals ring bell and demand justice. A king has a bell which petitioners for justice may ring and thus summon him. The bell is rung by a serpent which is being menaced by a turtle (or by an old horse who wishes to complain against a cruel master). — *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 648; *Wesselski Theorie 20; Italian Novella: Rotunda.
B272. Animals as defendents in court. **Jacoby Zs. f. Vksk. XXIII (1913) 184.
E573. Ghosts tried in court.
B272.1. Lawsuit against animals. *Saintyves RTP XXVII 155.
B272.2. Animal tried for crime. *Evans (E.P.) The criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals (New York 1926), von Amira (K), Tierstrafen und Tierprozesse (Innsbruck, 1891); *Mittheilungen d. Instituts f. öster. Geschichtsforsch. XII (1891) 545; *H. A. Berkenhoff Tierstrafe, Tierbannung und rechtsrituelle Tiertötung im Mittelalter (Strassburg 1937, diss.); Fb "stævne".
B272.2.1. Horse tried for crime. *Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 215ff.
B274. Animal as judge. Africa: Milligan 98. (See all references to J1172.3 and J1130. Cleverness in law court.)
B275. Animal punished. Wesselski Nasreddin I 208 No. 11, II 186 No. 356. — *Von Amira Tierstrafen und Tierprozesse (Innsbruck, 1891); Jewish: Neuman.
B253.3. Fox fasts as penance. J1860. Animal or object absurdly punished.
B275.1. Animal executed for crime. *Frazer Old Testament III 415—445; *Wesselski Märchen 231; **Evans The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals (New York, 1906); Grimm Rechtsaltertümer II 235; Sébillot France III 27; Wilken Verspreide Geschriften IV 181ff.; Jewish: Neuman.
Q411. Death as punishment.
B275.1.1. Horse executed for crime. *Howey Horse in Magic and Myth 215ff.
B275.1.2. Fox executed for thefts. Nouvelles Recreations No. 29.
B275.1.3. Wolf executed for thefts.
B275.1.3.1. Man hangs wolf who has eaten sheep left in his charge. Spanish Exempla: Keller.
B275.1.3.2. Wolves and wild pigs condemned to death in lion's court for killing and eating sheep. Spanish Exempla: Keller.
B275.2. Excommunication of animal. *Saintyves RTP XXVII 155.
B275.3. Animals eating corpse of holy man die. Irish myth: Cross.
D2089.3. Animals magically stricken dead. Q558.11. Animals which eat of saint's body stricken dead. Q558.14.1. Animals stricken dead for desecration of holy place.
B275.4. Animal's revenge for being criticized by a bird: nest destroyed. — India: Thompson-Balys.
B276. Animal jury. Africa (Baukon): Ittman 89f.
B278. Captured animal ransoms self. *Type 159; Chauvin VI 147 No. 304, VIII 148 No. 146 note 1. — India: *Thompson-Balys.
B366. Animal grateful for ransom from captivity.
B279. Covenant with animals. Irish myth: Cross.
K2023. Badgers treacherously slain in violation of pledge given by prince. P312.0.1. Saint makes blood covenant with animals.
B279.1. Saint makes covenant with wolves. Irish myth: Cross.
B279.2. Attitudes of animals toward oath. Jewish: Neuman.
M100. Vows and oaths.
B280. Animal weddings. RTP V 16, VIII 552, JAFL XXXV 392ff. — Japanese: Anesaki 334f.; India: Thompson-Balys.
Z28.1. Louse and flea wish to marry.
B281. Beast wedding.
B281.1. Wedding of fox and hyena. Fox refuses to marry hyena, since, according to belief, hyena yearly changes sex. — Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 251), 131 (ST 376, 401); Halm Aesop No 405.
B281.2. Wedding of mouse. (See B284.1.1.)
B281.2.1. Wedding of mouse and weasel. Estonian: Neus Esthnische Volkslieder 352 No. 98C; Greek: Passow Pop. Carmina Graeciae Recentioris 458 No. 623.
B281.2.2. Wedding of mouse and cockroach. India: Thompson-Balys.
B281.3. Wedding of wolf. Slavic: Wenzig Westslavischer-Märchenschatz 242ff. (goat); Wendish: Haupt-Schmaler Volkslieder der Wenden I 386 (goat); Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *91; India: Thompson-Balys.
B281.4. Wedding of lynx. Lettish: Ulmann Lettische Volkslieder 136 No. 431 (marten), Baton Chansons nationales latviennes I² (Riga 1922) No. 2685 (marten).
B281.5. Wedding of marten. (See B281.4.)
B281.6. Wedding of pig. Rhaetian: Decurtins "Eine rätoromanische Ballade" Schweizerisches Archiv f. Vksk. XX 93f. (mole).
B281.7. Wedding of ass. French: Arnaudin Chants pop. de la Grande-Lande I 365ff.
B281.8. Wedding of squirrel. French: Mélusine I (1878) 287 (ant).
B281.9. Wedding of cat. (See B282.4.2.)
B281.9.1. The cat as vixen's husband. Frightens the other wild animals invited by the vixen. (Cf. K2324.) — Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *103A.
B281.10. Wedding of monkey. India: Thompson-Balys.
B281.11. Wedding of rat.
B281.11.1. Wedding of rat and cockroach. India: Thompson-Balys.
B282. Bird wedding. *RTP V 15; *Fb "ørn" III 1183b; *Hdwb. d. Aberglaubens s.v. "Vogelhochzeit"; Mélusine I 193, 287, 553; Missouri French: Carrière.
B282.1. Wedding of turkey and peacock. All birds invited except eagle. This omission starts great conflict. — *Type 224; *Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XII 169.
B282.2. Wedding of eagle with another bird. Wendish: Haupt-Schmaler Volkslieder der Wenden II 144 No. 194 (kite).
B282.2.1. Wedding of eagle and kite. Kite promises to secure ostrich as attendant. Fails and is put to shame. — Wienert FFC LVI 62 (ET 250), 100 (ST 139); Thiele Der lateinische Asop des Romulus 96.
B282.3. Wedding of lark and another bird.
B282.3.1. Wedding of lark and nightingale. German: Wossidlo Mechlenbürgische Volksüberlieferungen II (1) 255 No. 1675; Lettish: Baton Chansons nationales latviennes (Riga 1922) No. 2696.
B282.3.2. Wedding of lark and cuckoo. French: Perroud RTP V 15.
B282.3.3. Wedding of lark and sparrow. French: Tiersot RTP I 3f.
B282.3.4. Wedding of lark and pigeon. French: Lembert Chants et Chansons du Languedoc I 332.
B282.3.5. Wedding of lark and spotted woodpecker. Lettish: Andrejanoff Lettische Volkslieder 45 No. 134.
B282.3.6. Wedding of lark and finch. French: Daymard Vieux chants recueilles en Quercy 106ff., Kuhff Les Enfantines 178, Lambert Chants et Chansons du Languedoc I 327ff.; Catalonian: Mila y Fontanals Romancerillo Catalán 398f.
B282.4. Wedding of owl.
B282.4.1. Wedding of owl and another bird. French: Arnandin Chants pop. de la Grande-Lande I 350ff. (goat-sucker); Slavic: Herder Stimmen der Völker (Slavische Lieder No. 23) (wren).
B282.4.2. Wedding of owl and cat. English: Mother Goose rhyrhes.
B282.5. Wedding of finch with another bird. (Cf. B285.1.) — French: Rolland Faune Populaire de la France II 180ff. (greenfinch), 182ff. (goldfinch); Canadian: Gagnon Chansons pop. du Canada 279ff.
B282.6. Wedding of goldfinch with another bird. French: Rolland Faune pop. de la France II 182ff. (finch), Bladé Poèsies pop. de la Gascogne III 104ff. (finch); Ukranian: Chodzko Les chants historiques de l'Ukraine 12f. No. 10.
B282.7. Wedding of bullfinch with another bird. Russian: Ralston Songs of the Russian People 11f. (quail).
B282.8. Wedding of titmouse with another bird. French: Wallonia V (1897) 138f. (cuckoo); Prussian: Frischbier Zehn Masurische Volkslieder 69.
B282.9. Wedding of wren with another bird. Slavic: Herder Stimmen der Völker (Slawische Lieder No. 23) (owl); English: FLJ I 166 (robin), Eckenstein Comparative Studies in Nursery Rhymes (London 1906) (robin); French: Kuhff Les Enfantines 345ff., Mélusine I (1878) 193f.
B282.10. Wedding of sparrow and another bird. French: Tiersot RTP I 3f. (lark); Bukovina: Kaindl Zs. f. Vksk. VII (1897) 427 (jackdaw). — Waldbrühl Slawische Balalaika 302. — Japanese: FLR I 131ff.
B282.11. Wedding of blackbird with another bird. German: Grüner Über die ältesten Sitten u. Gebräuche der Egerländer (ed. A. John) 82f., (starling), Vorpahl Deutsche Volkslieder zur Guitarre (Sammlung I, 1915) (bullfinch), Deutsche Volkslieder Archiv (MS. Freiburg im Breisgau and University of Chicago) Nos. A74020, A72356, A63272, A93372.
B282.12. Wedding of thrush with another bird. German: Hainhoferi Lautenbücher II 130ff., Norrenberg Beiträge zur Localgeschichte des Niederrheins IV 102, Frischbier-Sembrzychi Hundert ostpreussische Volkslieder 52f. No. 32.
B282.13. Wedding of woodpecker with another bird. Estonian: Neus Esthnische Volkslieder 351f. No. 98B.
B282.14. Wedding of magpie with another bird. German: Hoffman-Richter Schlesische Volkslieder 75f., Haupt-Schmaler Volkslieder der Wenden (Pt. I) 256 No. 273 (raven); Lettish: Baton Chansons nationales latviennes (Riga 1922) No. 2684 (wagtail).
B282.15. Wedding of heathcock with another bird. German: Blätter für pommersche Volkskunde IX (1901) 42f.; Lettish: Baton Chansons nationales latviennes (Riga 1922) No. 2691.
B282.16. Wedding of raven with another bird. Danish: Nyerups Udvalg II 97ff.; Grüner-Nielsen Danske Skæmteviser I 34f. No. 15 (crane); Wendish: Haupt-Schmaler Volkslieder der Wenden I 256f. No. 273 (magpie).
B282.17. Wedding of quail with another bird. Russian: Ralston Songs of the Russian People 11f. (bullfinch).
B282.18. Wedding of hoopoe with another bird. Slavic: Wenzig Westslav. Märchenschatz 241; Czech.: Walda Böhmische Granaten 132 No. 163 (jay).
B282.19. Wedding of cuckoo with another bird. French: Perroud RTP V 15 (lark), Wallona (V 1897) 138f. (titmouse).
B282.20. Wedding of pigeon with another bird. French: Lambert Chants et Chansons de Languedoc I 332 (lark), Soleville Chants pop. du Bas-Quercy 303ff. (falcon).
B282.21. Wedding of cock and hen. German: Blätter für pommersche Volkskunde IX (1901) 43ff.
B282.22. Wedding of crow and titmouse.
B282.22.1. Crow refuses to marry titmouse, since she is 100 years old. Type 244**.
B841. Long-lived animals.
B282.23. The courtship of the stork and the crane. Go a-courting one another across the marshes but never come to an understanding, as each time either one or the other changes his mind. (Cf. T91.) — Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *223; Russian Andrejev No. *244 I.
B283. Wedding of fish. India: Thompson-Balys.
B283.1. Wedding of crab. Bulgarian: Rosen Bulgarische Volksdichtungen 232 (frog); Roumanian: Schuller Romänische Volkslieder 34ff. (toad).
B283.2. Wedding of carp. Chinese: JAFL VIII 189f.
B284. Wedding of amphibians.
B284.1. Wedding of frog. (See B283.1.)
B284.1.1. Wedding of frog and mouse. ("Frog went a-courtin'"). — United States: JAFL XXVI 134f., XXV 392—399 No. 138, Cox Folksongs of the South 470ff. No. 162, Scarborough On the Trail of Negro Folksongs 46ff., Pub. Texas Folklore Soc. V 5—48; English: Williams Folksongs of the upper Thames 133f.; Welsh: Journ. Welsh Folksong Soc. I (IV) 178 No. 18.
B284.2. Wedding of toad. Bulgarian: Rosen Bulgarische Volksdichtungen 233. (See also B283.1.)
B285. Wedding of insects.
B285.1. Wedding of ant. (See B281.8.) — Revue des Langues Romanes 2e Ser. IV (1877) 27ff. (louse); Rhaetian: Decurtins "Rätoromanische Christomatie" Romanische Forschungen XXVII (1910) 182f. (grasshopper); French: Arnaudin Chants pop. de la Grande-Lande I 345ff. (finch); Italian: Nigra Canti pop. de Piemonte No. 127 (cricket), *Zs. f. Vksk. XII 167f., 169n. 2 (grasshopper).
B285.2. Wedding of cricket. (See B285.1.) — Lettish: Andrejanoff Lettische Volkslieder 39 No. 115.
B285.3. Wedding of grasshopper. (See B285.1.)
B285.4. Wedding of fly. Danish: Abrahamson, Nyerup, og Rahbek Udvalgte Danske Viser (II) 104f. No. 40 (horsefly); German: Hoffmann-Richter Schlesische Volkslieder 71f., Jungbauer Bibliographie d. deutschen Volksliedes in Böhmen 31 (beetle); Zs. f. Vksk. XXII 421.
B285.5. Wedding of flea. French: Blade Poesies pop. de la Gascogne III 291ff., Soleville Chants pop. du Bas-Quercy 310ff.; Spanish: Marin Cantos pop. Españoles I 74ff.
B285.6. Wedding of butterfly. French: Kuhff Les Enfantines 174, RTP V 16f, Bujeaud Chants de l'Ouest I 38.
B285.7. Wedding of wasp. RTP VIII 552 (hornet).
B285.8. Wedding of cockroach and rat. India: Thompson-Balys.
B286. Plant wedding.
B286.1. Wedding of garlic and onion. Lettish: Andrejanoff Lettische Volkslieder 39 No. 116.
B290. Other animals with human traits.
B120. Wise animals. B300. Helpful animals. F826.1. Animals with jeweled ornaments. F989.8. Mother-love induced in animal.
B290.1. Swine march like soldiers. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges.
B291. Animal as messenger. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian: Koch-Grünberg Indianermärchen aus N. A. No. 33. — African: de Clerq Anthropos IV 451, (Fjort) Dennett 123.
A165.1.1. Birds as messengers of the gods. A1021.2. Bird scouts sent out from ark. B570. Animals serve men. E761.7.6. Life token: bird sent each day to tell of hero's condition; when owl comes it will be to announce death. F234.2.6. Fairy as messenger from fairyland. F932.5. River acts as messenger. H483. Animals compete as messengers to call father of newborn child. Their voices are tried. J1881.2.2. Fools send money by rabbit. K131. Rabbit sold as letter-carrier.
B291.0.1. Animal tried out as messenger. Hen (cock) the only one successful. — Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 188. No. 27, (Kaffir): Theal 63.
B291.0.2. Unwelcome bird (insect) proves to be messenger. *Jochelson JE VI 373 No. 16.
B291.1. Bird as messenger. English: Child II 113n., 356—365 passim, III 4, 8, IV 412, 482, 484f., V 234; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 101; Irish myth: Cross; Warncke Lais der Marie de France² cxxxix.; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 90f.; Marquesas: ibid. 91; Mono: Wheeler 9, 21; Mangaia (Cook Is.): Clark 142; Africa (Fang): Einstein 148, 154, (Cameroon): Gantenbein 68.
B291.1.0.1. Bird as letter carrier. (Cf. K131.) — India: *Thompson-Balys.
B291.1.1. Raven as messenger.
B291.1.1.1. Ravens carry message to enemies. Irish myth: Cross.
B147.1.1.3. Raven as bird of ill-omen.
B291.1.1.2. Raven as devil's messenger. *Fb "ravn" III 21b.
B147.1.1. Bird of ill-omen.
B291.1.2. Crow as messenger. India: *Thompson-Balys; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 567.
B291.1.3. Dove as messenger. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 76.
B291.1.4. Falcon as messenger. India: Thompson-Balys.
B291.1.5. Goose as messenger. India: Thompson-Balys.
B291.1.6. Parrot as messenger. India: *Thompson-Balys.
B291.1.7. Heron as messenger. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 630.
B291.1.8. Vulture as messenger. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 144; Jewish: Neuman.
B291.1.9. Eagle as messenger. Africa (Upoto): Einstein 144; Jewish: Neuman.
B291.1.10. Hawk as messenger. Africa (Pooloki): Einstein 105.
B291.1.11. Swallow as messenger. Chinese: Eberhard 58.
B291.1.12. Pigeon as messenger. Jewish: Neuman.
B291.2. Domestic beast as messenger.
B291.2.1. Horse as messenger. Irish myth: Cross; India: Thompson-Balys.
B291.2.2. Dog as messenger. Icel.: ASB XVII 91; India: Thompson-Balys.
B291.3. Wild beast as messenger.
B291.3.1. Fox as messenger. Irish myth: Cross.
B291.3.2. Hare (rabbit) as messenger.
B291.3.2.1. Hares carry taxes to court. India: Thompson-Balys.
K131. Rabbit sold as letter-carrier.
B291.4. Other animals as messenger.
B291.4.1. Bee as messenger from heaven to earth. India: Thompson-Balys.
B291.4.2. Snake as messenger. India: Thompson-Balys.
B291.4.3. Whale as messenger. Tahiti: Beckwith Myth 360.
B292. Animal as servant to man. Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 263; Japanese: Ikeda.
B292.0.1. Animals with human child as slave. India: Thompson-Balys.
B292.0.2. Animals leave wicked and go to pious master. Jewish: Neuman.
B292.1. Animal as shepherd for man.
B292.1.1. Baboon as shepherd for man. Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 44 No. 21.
B292.1.2. Dog as shepherd for man. Greek Myth: Grote I 228.
B292.2. Animal as domestic servant. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 263.
B256.4. Domesticated wolves.
B292.2.1. Monkey as domestic servant. India: Thompson-Balys.
B292.2.2. Bird as domestic servant. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 526.
B292.2.2.1. Bird servant to deity. India: Thompson-Balys.
B292.2.3. Lion as domestic servant. Jewish: Neuman.
B292.3. Doe furnishes man milk. Saints' legend (Irish): Plummer cxliv; Irish myth: Cross.
B188. Magic deer.
B292.4. Stags plow for man. Also draw chariot, bear burdens, and allow saints to use their horns as a book rest. — Saints' legend (Irish): Plummer cxliii—cxliv; Irish myth: Cross; English: Baughman.
B188. Magic deer. B445. Helpful deer. N543.2. Treasure to be found by man who plows with cock and harrows with hen.
B292.4.1. Wild oxen plow for man. Irish myth: Cross.
B411.2. Helpful ox.
B292.4.1.1. Oxen draw saint's plow around whole district in one day. Irish myth: Cross.
B292.4.2. Tiger plows for man. India: *Thompson-Balys.
B292.4.3. Dog plows for man. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 44f.
B292.5. Bird sings to console man. Saints' legend (Irish): Plummer cxlvi (swan); Irish myth: Cross.
B172. Magic bird. D2011.1. Years seem moments while man listens to song of bird.
B292.6. Black cat as servant of giant. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "chat".
B184. Magic cat. E423.1.2. Revenant as cat. F531.6.1.3. Giant son of black cat. F531.8. Attendants of the giants. G100. Giant ogre. G219.7. Black witch. G225.3. Cat as servant of witch. G241.1.4. Witch rides on cat.
B292.6.1. Thief lives alone with 20 cats that help him keep intruders away. Icel.: *Boberg.
B292.7. Otters supply man with fish and burning wood daily. Irish myth: Cross.
B548.3. Otter recovers lost book from water.
B292.8. Dog as guardian of treasure. *Fb "hund" I 675b (cf. B576.2).
B292.9. Animal as farm laborer.
B292.9.1. Frog works in fields for benefactor. India: Thompson-Balys.
B292.9.2. Chicken as laborer. India: Thompson-Balys.
B292.9.3. Rat servants cut jungle down, till soil for master. India: Thompson-Balys.
B292.10. Dog made king. Icel.: Herrmann Saxo II 579, *Boberg.
B292.11. Tiger carries load of wood for saint. India: *Thompson-Balys.
B292.12. Serpent as saint's whip. India: Thompson-Balys.
B292.13. Ass as tollkeeper. Jewish: Neuman.
B293. Animals dance. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 193.
B293.0.1. Animals dance for king. Jewish: Neuman.
B293.1. Dance of cats. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "dance".
B293.2. Dance of frog(s). Tobler Epiphanie der Seele 76. — Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "dance".
B293.3. Dance of tigers. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule. — Korean: Zong in-Sob 149 No. 65.
B293.4. Dance of lions. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule.
B293.5. Dance of nagas (snake men). Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1354.
B294. Animals in business relations.
B294.1. Fox as divider of dying man's gifts. Fb "ræv" III 113b.
B441. Helpful fox.
B294.2. Animal handles money.
B294.2.1. Monkey's money stolen. India: Thompson-Balys.
B294.2.2. Monkey buys liquor. India: Thompson-Balys.
B294.3. Dog sells rotten peas on market: punished by other animals. India: Thompson-Balys.
B294.4. Animals hold fairs. India: Thompson-Balys.
B294.5. Parrot transacts business of trader. India: Thompson-Balys.
B294.6. Rabbit and elephant partners on trading expedition. Africa: Stanley 245.
B294.7. Tortoise and dog partners as thieves. Africa (Cameroon): Meinhof 3.
B295. Animal drives carriage. *Type 2021; *BP II 146 (Gr. No. 80); Fb "kok" II 248b.
B295.1. Mouse makes boat of bread-crust. Takes animals and birds into boat. It capsizes. — Type 135*.
Z32. The funeral procession of the hen. Animals one by one Join the procession. The funeral carriage breaks down or the procession drowns.
B296. Animals go a-journeying. *Types 130, 210; **Aarne FFC XI Die Tiere auf der Wanderschaft; BP I 75, 135, 237; Fb "væder" III 1106b, *"tyr" III 908 ab. — Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Indonesian, Japanese: Dixon *203 n. 41.; Missouri French: Carrière. — Africa (Tonga): Gifford 206. — Cf. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 302 n. 108.
F1025. Objects go journeying together. F1025.1. Bean, straw, and coal. They go journeying. Coal burns straw in two and falls into the water. Bean laughs until he splits. J1711.1. Animals helpless in sea-voyage together. Sheep, duck, and cock in peril. The duck swims; the cock flies to the mast. K1161. Animals hidden in various parts of a house attack owner with their characteristic powers and kill him when he enters.
B296.1. Animal journeys to Rome. Cock, geese, or dog go to Rome to become Pope. — Fb "hund" I 678b, "gas" I 528b, "Rom", "mus" II 634b.
B297. Musical animals.
B297.0.1. Bull lows musically. Irish myth: Cross (B214).
B182. Magic cow (ox, bull).
B297.1. Animal plays musical instrument. Africa (tribes of Western Sudan): Tauxier Le Noir du Yatenga 457 No. 56.
D1275.1. Magic music.
B297.1.1. Bird plays timpan. Irish myth: Cross.
B172. Magic bird.
B297.1.2. Toad and chameleon play drum and xylophone. Africa (Luba): De Clerq Zs. f. Kolonialsprachen IV 193.
B297.2. Transformed women enchanted by music.
B297.2.1. Women transformed to bitches enchanted by music. Irish myth: Cross.
B187.7. Magic bitches (in human form) enchanted by fairy music.
B298. Animal plays game.
B298.1. Monkey plays chess. Nouvelles Récréations No. 88.
B299. Other animals with human traits — miscellaneous.
B299.1. Animal takes revenge on man. India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.
B299.1.1. Eagle takes revenge on man. Chinese: Graham.
B299.2. Animals dispute.
B299.2.1. Owls and crows dispute over merits of night or day vision. India: Thompson-Balys.
B299.3. Animals discover liquor and get intoxicated. India: Thompson-Balys.
B299.4. Bear asks boy to stay with her cubs. India: Thompson-Balys.
B299.5. Sympathetic animals. Irish myth: Cross.
B295.2. Bird sings to console man.
B299.5.1. Animal mutilates self to express sympathy. India: Thompson-Balys.
B299.5.2. Animal fasts to express sympathy. India: Thompson-Balys.
B299.5.3. Birds weep when man cuts off his hand. Irish myth: Cross.
B736. Bird sheds tears.
B299.6. Animal physician. Africa (Cameroon): Rosenhuber 69, Meinhof 33, 36.
B299.7. Festival of animals. Jewish: Neuman; S. A. Indian (Tenetehara): Wagley-Galvão BBAE CXLIII (3) 148.
B299.8. Animals build bridge.
B299.8.1. Tigers build bridge. S. A. Indian (Amuesha): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 150.
B299.9. Animals cultivate crops. S. A. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 179.
B299.10. Animal christening. German: Grimm No. 74.