Motors and Motor-Driving/Index

by Alfred Charles William Harmsworth

INDEX

• Accelerator pedal, use of the, 128, 324, 328
• Accumulator Industries, Ltd.: type of plate employed in construction of batteries, 290, 291; system of electric cars, 298
• Accumulators for electric cars, 289, 301; lowest point of discharge, 289; recharging, 290; overloading, 293; nesting-boxes for, 294
• Ackerman steering-axle, the, 211, 212
• Agricultural Hall, trade show of motors at (1900), 387
• Aluminium paint for engines, 93
• Alverstone, Lord, quoted, on motor appeals, 379
• American Clubs, 395, 396
• Ammeter, the, 300
• Ariel motor-tricycle, the, 312
• 'Autocar,' the, cited, 23, 64, 252, 268, 397
• Automatic regulator for burners on steam cars, 248, 249
• Automobile Club de Belgique, headquarters, officers, &c., 393
• Automobile Club de Suisse, headquarters, officers, &c., 394
• Automobile Club of America, headquarters, officers, &c., 395. 396
• Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland, origin and progress of, 15; its race from Paris to Marseilles and back (1896), 15, 16; its Glasgow Trial, 43; membership advocated as an economy to automobilists, 49; Hundred Miles Hill-climbing test, 57; Thousand Miles Trial, 333, 375, 386, 405; demonstrations of familiarising restive horses with motors, 358; efforts to secure an alteration in legislation for highways, 382; work done by, 384, 385; retrospect of its history, 385; officials, 385; fixture list, 385; amalgamation with the Self-Propelled Traffic Association, 385; increase of members (1899), 386; exhibition of motor vehicles in Old Deer Park, Richmond, 386; brake test trials on Petersham Hill, 386, 405; Dover exhibition, 386; membership in 1900, 386; club tours, 386; issue of 'Notes and Notices,' 387; conversion of the County Councils undertaken, 387; invites Chief Constables of English and Welsh counties to a demonstration, 387, 388; secures raising of the speed limit in Scotland, 388; in connection with the Motor Union, 388; items of work in latter end of 1901 and beginning of 1902, 388; publications issued by, 401; summary of trials and races, 405–408
• Automobile literature, 397–400
• Automobile locomotion, opposition to, by railways, 2, 3; report of select committee on, 3–6; killed by restrictive legislation, 7; revivified, 346, 385
• 'Automotor and Horseless Vehicle Journal,' the, 23, 397

 

• Beaconsfield, Lord, cited, 342
• Beaumont, Mr. Worby, quoted, 312
• Beeston motor tricycle, the, 312
• Belgian nobleman, a, fatal accident to, 335
• Belt-driving gear, 186, 187, 195, 196, 316
• Benz car, 40; carburetter, 115; ignition for petrol engines, 157; gear, 196
• Benzine house, 99, 100, 101
• Berger, M. Georges, Deputy of the Seine, II, 390
• Boilers for steam cars, 252 et seq.
• Bollée, Léon, and Co.: machines at the 1878 Paris Exhibition, 7; cars, 8; omnibus at Paris-Bordeaux race, 14; carriage in Paris-Dieppe race, 20
• Books on motoring, 400, 401
• Boots for motoring, 76
• Brakes, 218–223; testing, 332; using, 333
• British Electromobile Co. Ltd., electric cars of, 290, 300
• Broomfield Hill, Richmond, as a test for motors, 60–62
• Broomhill, Tunbridge Wells, motor-houses at, 84 et seq.
• Brown motor bicycle, the, 315
• Bunsen burner for petrol cars, 139; principle, 243; battery, 288, 289
• Burners for petrol cars, 139; for steam cars, 244-249, 259
• Butler, Mr., on German-built cars, 368; hon treasurer of Automobile Club, 385
• Buttemer, Mr. R. W., his adoption of the belt-driving system, 195, 196

 

• Cairns, Lord, on the Mors magneto ignition, 159
• Caniveaux on French roads, 335
• Capon Heaton solid tyre, the, 241
• Caprices of the petrol motor: refusal to start, 165;—causes: defects in carburation, 165; action of cold, 166; stale petrol, 166; starting handle not being turned fast enough, 166; leakage of compression, 167; no compression at all, 168; apparent excessive compression, 168; back firing, 169; defects in moving parts, 169; road troubles: motor stops completely through overheating, 170; causes of overheating, 170-172; how to detect overheating, 172; what to do when motor heats, 173; dangers of a 'seize,' 173; stoppage through starvation of carburator,1I73, 174; through a flooded carburator, 174; mechanical causes of stoppage, 174; ^oiiig by fits and starts, 175; causes of motor not ' pulling' well or missing fire, 175-178; how to find which cylinder misses, 177; engine races -defects in governing gear, 178, 179; causes of unusual noises, 179, 180; bunting of ignition tube, 180; advice in general, 18l. See Ignition in petrol engines
• Carburetter (petrol engine), surface, Mi; Benz, 115; spray, 116; De Dion, 117; Longuemare, 117; automatic tor motor bicycles, 319
• Carless and Lees' safety benzine lamps for motor-houses, 87
• Carr, Mr., his story of an unskilled motor enthusiast, 370
• Cattle on the road, anecdote concerning, 345
• Chamois leather for coat lining, 68
• Chapelle motor bicycle, the, 37
• Chaplin, Mr. Henry, and the Light Locomotives Act, 23
• Charms of driving in motors.
  See under Motor-driving
• Charron, M., accident to, in his petrol carriage, in the Marseilles-Nice-Turbie race, 18; in Pans-Amsterdam-Paris and Versailles- Bordeaux races, 20
• Chasseloup-Laubat, Marquis de, on the history of the motorcar, 1 et seq.; at the Paris to Bordeaux race (1895), 12, 14; at the Paris to Marseilles race (1896), 15, 17; on the petrol motor, 19; his brother's electric racing car, 308
• Choice of a motor-car, 38; advantages of the petrol engine, 38; Panhard carriages, 39; steam cars, 39; electric carriages, 40; light carriages and voiturettes, 42; the 7-h.-p. Panhard, 43; mixed tyres advocated, 45; points for and against pneumatic tyres, 45; horse-power, 46; care in car keeping, 46, 50; skill required in driving, 47; side-slip, 47, 48; safety tyres, 48; membership of the Automobile Club advised as an economy, 49; omnibus for country-house work, 51; the Scrpollet landaulet, 52-54; lighting and heating cars, 54; use of two cars in touring, 54; distance to be covered, 54, 55! luggage-car, 55; shape of carriage, 55; drawbacks to the use of very powerful cars, 55; hill-climbing powers, 56; testing speed up hills, 57-62; paraffin motors, 62; cars for doctors, 64; second-hand cars, 64, 65; motor engineers, 65
• Churchill, Lord Edward, his daughter quoted on a breakdown, 375
• Circuit du Sud-Ouest race, 403
• City and Surburban Electric Carriage Company, 40; electric cars of, 297; electric brougham, 309
• Clarkson's paraffin burner for steam cars, 249, 250, 251; condenser for engines in steam cars, 272
• Clincher solid tyre, the, 241
• Clipper-Michelin pneumatic tyre, the, 226
• Clubs, English, Continental, and American, 384-396
• Clutches, positive and friction, 191-194, 208
• Collan oil for belt-dressing, 196
• Collier pneumatic tyre, the, 237
• Collinge's hinges for motor-house doors, 85
• Colnbrook, railway level crossing at, 336
• Columbia phaeton, the, 40
• Commutator, function of the, 148, 155
• Condensers, 217, 272
• Contacts, 157, 158
• Continental Clubs, 389-394
• Controller for electric cars, the, 295, 298
• Cordingley, Messrs., their trade show of motors, 387
• County Councils, the, and motor locomotion, 387
• Cradle, or metal nail-catcher, Michelin's, 236
• Craig, Mr. A., of Coventry, against belt transmission, 316
• Craig, Mr. A., of Putney, for belt transmission, 316
• Crompton and Fawkes' heating apparatus for motor-houses, 96
• Crypto or epicyclic gear, 197 Crystal Palace Motor Exhibition, 367, 369, 386, 387
• Cuenod, M., 286, 394
• Cugnot, N. J., inventor of auto-mobile locomotion, 1; his steam carriage, 1, 2
• Cupron battery, the, for electric cars, 287

 

• Daimler petroleum motors, 9; quadricycle, 10; 22-h.-p. car (English), 39; 4-cylindered motor, 104; carburetter, 116; system of governing, 122; motor bicycle, 313
• Darracq light motor car, the, 42
• Dawson ignition, the, for petrol engines, 154
• De Dion, Marquis, his steam vehicles, 8; meeting at his house of principal French automobilists, 10; race from Paris to Bordeaux and back, 11; 8-h.-p. light car, 42; carburetter, 117
• De Dion and Bouton steam carriage, the, 8; cars in the Paris to Bordeaux contest of 1895, 13, 14, 17; petroleum tricycles in the Paris to Marseilles race of 1896, 16; steam carriage in same race, 17; motor tricycle, 312
• Delahaye & Co., of Tours: vehicles in the Paris to Marseilles race, 16; light car,
• Densitometer for determining specific gravity of petrol, 166
• Deprez, M. Marcel, 11, 390
• Derby motor bicycle, the, 316
• Deutscher Automobil Club, head-quarters, officers, &c., 394
• Dover, exhibition of motors at, 366
• Dress, ladies,' for motoring, 60; for long journeys, 67; underclothing, gown and coat, 68; head covering, 69; veil, 70, 71
• Dress, men's, for motoring, 72; cloth suit lined with punctured chamois leather, 73; underclothing, 73; overcoats, 73; dust-coats, 74; waterproof tent-shaped coat, 74; rugs, 74; coat built to avoid the use of rugs, 75; device to secure dry seats, and avoid rain, 75; waterproof kilt, 76; snow boots, 76; hats, 76; gloves, 77; goggles, 77, 81; warm clothing, 82
• Dubrulle mechanical lubricator, the, for petrol motors, 172
• Dundonald, Lord, and carriage warming, 54
• Duryea transmission gear, 198, 199

 

• Edison and Swan Co.'s electric lamps for motor-houses, 87
• Edmunds, Mr.: tale of a sideslip, 372
• Electric cars, construction of, 276; principle of propulsion, 277; description of the ordinary magnet, 277; effects and action of the electric current, 278; magnetic conditions produced by the electric current, 279; production of rotary pull or torque, 281, 298; current conveyed to the drum armature, 282; two-pole electric motors, 283; shunt-wound and series-wound motors, 284-286; compound motors, 284; four-pole motors, 286; qualities of the modern electric motor, 287; source of electricity to feed motors and secure propulsion, 287; primary batteries, 287; description of the ordinary galvanic battery, 288; the Bunsen battery, 289; process of the secondary battery, or accumulator, in supplying the motor with electricity, 289; lowest point of discharge, 289; recharging the accumulator, 290; pasted plates in accumulators, 290; Planté batteries, 290; process of manufacture of an accumulator cell, 290-293; accommodation of the battery of accumulators to power of motors, 293; overloading accumulator and motor, 293; nesting-boxes for accumulators, 294; arrangement of running gear of a car, 294-295; the controller, 295; differences of structure in running gear and controlling arrangements, 296; one and two motor vehicles contrasted, 297; principle of separate excitation, 298; differences of speed arranged by cell-groupings by controller as one or two motors are employed, 298, 299; development of more rotary pull by series motor, 299; recuperation of cells, 300; provision of voltmeter and ammeter for driver, 300; side elevation of the 'Powerful,' 300; running gear of electric vehicle, 302; ills and misfortunes cars are liable to, 302; burning up, 302; refusing to work, 303; testing the motor for defects, 304-306; charging the battery of accumulators, 306, 307; position arid prospects of electromobilism, 308
• Electric ignition for petrol engines, 106, 107, 142; for motor cycles, 319. See Ignition
• Electric light installation, storage batteries charged from, 145
• Electric Motive Power Co.'s electromobiles on the Planté system, 290
• Elliot, Mr. T. R. B., his 31/2-horse-power Panhard, 24; experience with same car, 366
• Ellis, the Hon. Evelyn, his 4-horse-power Panhard, 21, 39; his patriotic adoption of the motor movement, 22; motorhouse at Datchet, 101, 102; puts his motor to a police test, 363; vice-chairman of the Automobile Club, 385
• Enfield motor bicycle, the, 315
• Engineers for motors, 65
• Engines for steam cars, 262, 264
• English terms used in automobilism, 418 et seq.
• Excelsior motor bicycle, the, with Minerva engine, 314
• Eyes, preservation of the, 77, 81, 82

 

• Falconnet non-slipping tyre, the, 239
• Fire, precautions against, in motor-houses, 92
• Fire regulator, automatic, for steam cars, 248, 249
• Flash boiler, the, on steam cars, 255
• Fletcher's heating apparatus for motor-houses, 96
• French Automobile Clubs: Automobile Club de France, headquarters, officers, race competitions, &c., 390; Automobile Club Normand, headquarters, officers, &c., 391; Automobile Club Bordelais, headquarters, officers, &c., 392; Automobile Club de Nice (formerly the Auto-Vélo), headquarters, officers, &c., 392; Le Véloce Club Périgourdin et Automobile Club de la Dordogne, headquarters, officers, &c., 392
• French terms used in automobilism, 418 et seq.

 

• Callus non-slipping tyres, 49, 239
• Galvanic battery, the ordinary, description of, 288
• Garages, 65
• Gauges, water and pressure, for boilers of steam cars, 261
• German terms used in automobilism, 418 et seq.
• Giffard, M. Pierre, organiser of the first meeting of automobile vehicles, 8
• Glasgow, trials of motors at, 406
• Glengarry caps for ladies motoring, 69
• Glossary of terms used in automobilism, in French, German, and English, 418-438
• Gloves for motoring, 77
• Goggles for motoring, 77, 81
• Goodyear pneumatic tyre, the, 238
• Gordon Bennett, Mr., 11; cup, 39, 404
• Gorham v. Brice case, the, cited, 379
• Governing, systems of: petrol cars, 120 et seq.; electric cars, 295
• Griffiths' enamels for motor carriages, 93; transparent varnish, 93
• 'Guide Michelin,' the, 226
• Gurney, Mr., trial trip in his steam carriage, 4; heavy tolls paid by him, 5

 

• Hammersmith Broadway, 351 Hancock, Mr., steam carriage of, 3, 4; improvement on Gurney's carriage, 6
• Hancock wood wheels, 223
• Harrow, brake accident on a hill near, 334
• Hats for motoring, 76
• Health, influence of motoring on, 79; invigoration of nerve power, 80; insomnia mitigated, 80; beneficial effects of country trips on the brain-weary, 81; physical exercise to be maintained in conjunctioned with motor riding, 79, 81; preservation of the eyes, 81, 82; warm clothing to be used, 82
• Heating apparatus for motor-houses, 96
• Highway improvements, 350-354
• Hill-climbing tests for motors, 57-62
• Holden, Lt.-Col., his motor bicycle, 184, 313
• 'Horseless Age,' the, 399
• Horses, motor-fright of, 356; grown used to bicyclists, 356; want of consideration of automobilists to drivers of horses, 356; law compelling motor-drivers to stop when required by man in charge of restive horse, 357; training horses to meet motors, 358, 359; relationship between motor-owners and horse-owners, 359; rule of the road, 359
• House of Commons Select Committee (1831) report on automobile locomotion, 3-6 House steam car, the, 268
• Humber motor bicycle, the, 316
• Hutchinson, Mr., quoted, 373, 374
• Hutton, Mr., his narrow escape through brake failure, 219

 

• Ignition in petrol engines, 138; by a hot platinum tube (tube ignition), 138; Bunsen burner to bring the platinum tube to a red heat, 139; petrol supply to burners, 139; gas-tight joints, 140; cracked platinum tubes, 140; soot inside platinum tube, 140; how to light a burner, 140; to extinguish a burner, 141; faulty burners, 141; leakage in pressure-fed burners, 142; burners jumping out, 142; spare parts to be carried on petrol cars, 142; electrical ignition in petrol engines, 142; importance of time of ignition, 142; ignition with battery and induction coil, 143; the dry battery, 143; positive and negative poles, 144; pressure of electricity in volts, 144; flow of electricity (amperes), 144; coupling in parallel, 144; disadvantage of dry cells, 144; storage batteries, 145; charging storage batteries, 145; finding the poles of a generator, 145; how to charge storage batteries from an electric light installation, 145; avoidance of over-discharge of batteries, 146; use of the switch, 147; the induction coil, 147; function of the commutator, 148; sparking plug, 148; return of the current to the coil, 148; insulation, 149; defects in electric ignition: imperfect insulation, 149; insulation burnt, 150; insulation cut, 150; insulation of coil, 150; insulation chafed, 150; loose connections, 150; dirty connections, 150; broken or defective sparking plug, 150; dirty commutator, 151; weak or discharged batteries, 151; magnetic ignition, 151; the Simms-Bosch system, 152; possible defects in this system: failure of insulation, 153; failure of magnets, 153; faulty adjustment, 153; the Dawson ignitor, 154; the De Dion type of ignition, 155; the commutator, 155; action of the trembler, 155; adjustment of trembler, 156; removal of moisture, 157; remedy for short-circuited battery, 157; burnt contacts, 157; loose contacts, 157; oil on contacts, 158; retardation of sparking, 157; the Benz ignition, 157, 158; the Mors magneto system, 159-163
• Imperial Institute, exhibition of motor vehicles at, 22, 367, 368
• Instra, the, for warming motorcars, 54

 

• Jacks for carriages, 94
• James and Brown's brake, 221
• Jarrott, Mr. C., his Panhard and Levassor car in Paris-Berlin race (1901), 45
• Jeantaud, M., electric carriages of, 14
• Joel electric motor, the, 287; controller, 295
• Johnson, Mr. Claude (secretary of the Automobile Club): detection of injury to motor while driving, 204; two road experiences, 370, 371

 

• Keith's heating apparatus for motor-houses, 96
• Kellner, M., designer of touring landaulet with Serpollet boiler, 52, 53
• Kelly automatic fire regulator, the, fitted to the Milwaukee burner, 248
• Kennard, Mrs. Coleridge, her anecdote of a parson motorist, 369
• Klinger water gauge, the, for boilers of steam cars, 261
• Koosen, Mr. J. A., his Lutzmann car, 21; experiences with it, 364-366; at the Imperial Institute, 368
• Koosen, Mrs., diary of her experiences with a motor, 364-366; at the Imperial Institute, 368
• Krièger electric cars, the, 284, 286, 297, 301

 

• 'La France Automobile,' 399
• Lamps, electric and safety-benzine, for motor-houses, 87; management of, when night-driving, 339; regulations concerning, 409, 413
• Lankensperger, M., inventor of the Ackerman axle, 212
• L'Auto-Vélo,' 399
• Law, points of, affecting motor-owners, 378; question of speed, 378; driver's limitations, 378, 379; vehicles drawing another, 380; light, 380; tax on motor mechanics, 380; taxes on various motors, 380, 381; non-liability of masters to drivers under Workmen's Compensation Acts, 381; accidents, 382; wilful obstruction of highway, 382; proposed changes in highways regulation, 382, 383; appeal on questions of fact from the decisions of justices of peace, 383; the Light Locomotives Act of 1896, 409-411; the existing Local Government Board Regulations, 411-417; regulation, affecting petroleum spirit, 414-417
• 'Le Vélo,' 399
• Lefevre, Mr. Shaw, and the Light Locomotives Act, 23, 362
• Leicester, motor demonstration at (1901), 385
• Leitner accumulators for electric cars, 301
• Levassor, M., winner of the Paris to Bordeaux race of 1895, 12, 13, 14. See Panhard and Levassor
• Lévy, M. Michel, Engineer-in-Chief of Bridges and Roads, France, 11
• Licences for motor cycles, 312
• Lifu Company's passenger brakes, 218
• Light Locomotives Act of 1896, 23, 312, 378, 381, 386; copy of the Act, 409-411
• Lighting burners on steam cars, 246
• Literature, automobile, 397-400
• Liverpool and Prescot Road, heavy tolls on, in 1829, 5, 6
• Local Government Board Regulations, the existing, 410; 411-417
• Locomobile burner, the, on steam cars, 244-246; Syndicate vaporiser to enable paraffin to be burned, 252; boiler, 252, 253; steam pump, 258
• Long, Mr. Walter (President of Local Government Board), his remarks on motor-owners and horse-owners, 359
• Longuemare carburetter, the, 117
• Lubrication in petrol motors, 171, 172, 176, 331
• Lutzmann car, the, 21

 

• Macdonald, the Rt. Hon. Sir J. H. A., motor experiences of, 367-372
• Magnet, the ordinary, description of, 297
• Magnetic ignition in petrol engines, 151
• Magneto-generator, the, 151
• Magrath, Colonel, his road adventure in Ireland, 374
• Manometer, use of, for petrol motors, 173
• Married Women's Summary Jurisdiction Act, cited, 383
• Marseilles-Nice-Turbie race (1897), steam and petrol cars in competition, 18, 19
• Mayard, M., 16
• Maybach, Wilhelm, 10
• Mayhew, Mr. Mark, his experience on winter roads, 48, 337
• Mellow's patent glazing skylight for motor stables, 84
• Michelin, M., manufacturer of pneumatics, 14, 20, 21; his steam-brake in the Marseilles-Nice-Turbie race (1897), 19; tyres, 226; his nécessaire de voiture, 227; 'cradle' or metal nail-catcher, 236
• Milwaukee burner for steam cars, 246; Kelly automatic fire regulator fitted to, 248
• Minerva motor-bicycle, the, 314, 315
• Mitchell motor bicycle, the, 315
• Moore, Mr. C. Harrington, Honorary Secretary of Automobile Club, 385
• Mordey, Mr., experiments of, 286
• Mors magneto system of ignition for petrol engines, 159 et seq.
• Mortlake, railway level crossing at, 336
• 'Motor-Car Journal,' the, 23, 398
• 'Motor-Car World,' the, 398
• Motorcycles, 311; as an educational medium in connection with automobilism, 311; regulations concerning, 312; licences, 312; varieties of tricycles, 312; petrol bicycles, 313; gear, belt, and Holden systems of driving, 313; position of engine in bicycles, 313, 314, 315; various kinds of power transmission, 315, 316; experiments in spring frames and two-speed gears, 317; preparation for a run, 318; the surface carburetter, 318, 319; electric ignition, 319: sparking plugs, 319; good compression to be ensured, 320; detection and arrest of leakage, 320, 321; attention required, 321
• 'Motor Cycling,' 398
• Motor-driving, practice, requisite till automatic perfection is attained, 322; the first drive, 323; starting the car, 324; first speed, 324; second speed, 325; third speed, 325, 326; how to change speeds properly, 326-328; use of the accelerator pedal, 324, 328; overrunning the engine, 328; preparation for starting for a drive, 329; precautions before starting the engine, 330; lubrication, 331; driving backwards, 331; testing the brakes, 332; use of the sprag, 332; rounding corners, 333; descending steep hills, 333; using the brakes, 333; some of the dangers met with on the road, 334; side-slip, 336; greasy roads, 323, 336-338; ice-covered roads, 337; rutty roads, 338; difficulty in steering when tyre is punctured, 338; cautions on night-driving. 339; fixed habit of careful driving to be practised, 339; charms of English roads, 341-345; exhilaration on the motor, 341; power of traversing large areas of beautiful country, 342; delights of country life enhanced, 343; regarded as land-yachting, 344; scenes on the road, 344, 345; dealing with restive horses, 356-360; influence on health, 79-82
• Motor laws as they exist, 409-417
• 'Motor News,' the, 398
• 'Motor Vehicles and Motors,' cited, 400
• 'Motoring Illustrated,' 398

 

• Napier car, the, 52
• Nederlandsche Automobile Club, secretary and other officers, &c., 393 Nesting-boxes for accumulators, 294
• Netherhall Gardens, Fitzjohn's Avenue, used to test the hill-climbing powers of motors, 62, 63
• New Orleans 7-h-p. car, 44
• New York pneumatic tyre, the, 238
• Nice to Marseilles race, 404
• Non-slipping tyres, 49, 239
• 'Notes and Notices,' 337, 387, 398

 

• Oesterreichischer Automobil Club, headquarters, officers, &c., 394
• Ogle, Mr., steam carriage of, 4
• Oil reservoirs and. pump, self-contained, 90
• Oppermann electric cars, 293, 296
• Overheating, causes of, in petrol cars, 170 et seq.
   
• Paints for motors, 93
• Panhard and Levassor, controllers of the Daimler patents in France, 9; builders of the Peugeot motors, 9; winners of the Paris-Marseilles and back race (1896), 15; carriage in Versailles-Bordeaux race, 20; 4O-h.-p. car in Paris-Berlin race (1901), 45; 20-h.-p. car in same race, 47. See Races and Trials
• Paraffin (pétrole ordinaire), 53
• Paraffin burners for steam cars, 249, 259; motors, 62
• Paris-Amsterdam-Paris race (1898), 20
• Paris-Berlin race (1901), 45, 47, 405
• Paris-Bordeaux and back Automobile race (1895), 12-15, 19, 402, 404
• Paris-Dieppe race (1897), 20
• Paris-Marseilles and back race (1896), 15-20, 403
• Paris-Toulouse race, 404
• Paris-Trouville race (1897), 20
• Pecqueur, M. Onésime (1827), his ingenious devices, 7
• Periodicals on motoring, English, Continental, and American, 397-401
• Petersham Hill as a climbing test for motors, 57-59, 386, 405
• Petrol burners for steam cars, 244-249
• Petrol car: the, details of simple transmission, 183; variation of the ratio of engine speed to wheel speed, 184; action of gear wheels, 184; ratio between engine and road wheels varied by varying size of gear wheels, 185; belt-driving, 186, 187; chain-driving, 187; protection of the gear case, 187; 'block' and 'roller' chains, 188; bevel gearing and connecting rod, 189, 190; use of Cardan joints, 191; skew or screw gearing, 191; friction clutches, 191, 192; positive clutches, 193, 194; speed varying gear combined with transmission gear proper, 195; the belt-driving system, 195, 196; leather and dressing for belts, 195, 196; the Benz gear, 196; Crypto or epicyclic gear, 197, 198; the Duryea transmission gear, 198; wheel-gearing and chain transmission illustrated in 12h.-p. Daimler, 199-204; shifting the gear to obtain reversing action, 203; putting a lower gear into operation, 203; lubrication of gear and bearings, 204; unusual sound near transmission gear, 204; Renault shaft transmission, 204-206; reversing gear in the Renault, 206; full lubrication to be provided in all gear-driven devices, 206; varieties of design in frames, 207; diagonal staying for frames, 209; wheel-base, 209; springs, 209, 210; breakage of spring leaf, 210; spring hangers, 208, 210; axles, 211-213; action of the differential gear, 213-216; steering gear, locked and direct, 216-218; testing steering gear, 218; brakes, 218-222; brakes used by various makers, 221; Automobile brake trials, 222; wheels, 222, 223
• Petrol engine, principle of the, 103; internal combustion, 105; illustrated by a single-cylindered Daimler, 105; force generated by explosion of mixed gas and air in combustion chamber, 106; fired by electric spark or red-hot platinum tube, 106, 107; suction stroke, 106; compression stroke, 106; explosive stroke, 107: exhaust stroke, 107; operation shown in a complete cycle, 107, 108; induction valves, 108; exhaust valve, 109; mechanical lift of exhaust valve, no; surface carburetter, in; twin trap or mixing chamber, 113, 114; Benz carburetter, 115; spray carburetter, 116; systems of feeding the spray carburetter, 117; the silencer, 118; systems of governing, 120; governing by advancing or retarding the sparking, 120; by exhaust-valve lifter, 121; by exhaust-valve closer, 121; by regulating the lift of the induction valve, 121; by mechanically governing the exhaust valves, 121; the Daimler system of governing described in diagrams, 122-129; the accelerator, 128; governing by throttle, 129; governing both by exhaust and throttle, 130; motors with more than one cylinder, 130; movements of double-cylindered engines with cranks set at 180 and 360, 130, 131, 132; water circulation, natural and forced, 133, 134; radiators, 134; the crank chamber, 135; the piston, 135; relative positions of induction and exhaust valves, 136; appliances for starting the motor, 137; various types of engine, 137; ignition, 138 et seq. See Ignition in petrol engines
• Petroleum spirit (petrol), regulations concerning, 414-417
• Peugeot petroleum vehicles, 9, 14, 1 6, 24; in the Marseilles-Nice-Turbie race, 19; 8 h.-p. (1902), 41
• Phoebus motor tricycle, with Aster motor, 312
• Phoenix motor bicycle, with improved Minerva engine, 315; two-speed gear, 317
• Plante batteries, 290
• Platinum tube for ignition in petrol engines, 138, 139
• Pneumatic tyres, 20, 45, 49, 94, 226, 237; punctured, 228, 370. See Tyres
• Postel-Vinay electric motor, the, 286
• 'Powerful' electromobile, the, 290, 300
• Pumps for boilers of steam cars, 257

 

• Quadrant motor cycle, the,
   
• Races and trials, English and Continental, in motor vehicles, 402-408
• Railway level crossings, dangers of, 335
• Rain covers, mackintosh, for cars, 95
• Reading system for steam cars, 246; engine for steam cars, 268
• Reminiscences of motoring, 361; mechanical traction on roads long delayed by obstructionists, 362; the Hon. Evelyn Ellis's introduction of the Panhard car to England as a police test, 362, 363; Mr. and Mrs. Koosen's enterprise, 363, 364; extracts from Mrs. Koosen's diary of experiences with a motor-car, 364-366; Mr. T. R. B. Elliot on his early motor-driving days, 366; Sir J. H. A. Macdonald's experiences on the motor, 367-372; Mr. Butler on early motoring, 368; Mrs. Coleridge Kennard's story of parsonic simplicity, 369; Mr. Carr's anecdote, 370; Mr. Sturmey's confession, 370; an adventure on the London-Uxbridge road, 370; a contretemps on the road to Gloucester, 371; Mr. Edmunds' hastily accredited skill in a side-slip, 370; account of a punctured solid tyre, 372; Mr. Graham White's conduct in an accident to steering-gear on a long run, 373; Mr. Rolls' pertinacity in calamities on a Paris-Havre run, 373, 374; Colonel Magrath's story of the old peasant woman, 374; Lord Edward Churchill and his daughter's relation of a sad time, 375; the Thousand Miles trial (1900), 375, 376
• Renault 5-h.-p. voiturette, 43; shaft transmission car, 204-206
• Richter Oil Economising Co.'s self-contained oil reservoir and pump, 90
• Ripolin's, Messrs., paint for motor engines, 93
• Roads, different types of surface of, 323, 336, 337; at night, 339; English, 341-345; the 'nerves and sinews of the land,' 347; their vast importance in the national life, 347; beauties of English, 348; competition of motor traffic with railways on, 348; illustrative case of superiority of reaching the seaside on road by motor to the use of railway, 349; highway improvements required, 350; decay of villages arrested by resurrection of the road, 350; improvement required in the approaches to London, 351; Roads Improvement Association's plan commended, 351, 352; effect of better roads and cheap and fast motor traction on town populations and small agriculturists, 352, 353; value of a good road system in France, 352, 353; compelling electric tramways, light railways, &c., to increase the metalled surface of roads they use, 354
• Roads Improvement Association, plan of road reform, 351
• Rolls, the Hon. C. S., his 31/2-h.-p. Peugeot, 24; accident to, in descending hill, 333; his courage and pertinacity on the Paris-Havre run, 373, 374

 

• Safety tyres, 48
• Salomons, Sir David, Bart., his demonstration of motor vehicles (1895), 22; aid in legislation for speed on roads, 23
• Sampson, Mr. Lyons, his experience with the belt-driving system, 195
• Savoy Street, Strand, as a hill-climbing test, 59, 60
• Scotland, raising of the speed limit for motors in, 388
• Secondary battery for electric cars, 289; lowest point of discharge, 289; recharging, 290; overloading, 293
• Self-Propelled Traffic Association, amalgamation of, with the Automobile Club, 385
• Serpollet, M., inventor of instantaneous vaporisation boilers, 8; his boiler on touring landaulet, 52, 53; first steam tricycle, 245; paraffin burner for steam cars, 252, 259; generator and burner, 256; water and oil-pumps, 259, 260; engine for steam cars, 270; condenser, 272
• Shaw motor bicycle, the, 315
• Sheep at night on the road, 339
• Side-slips, 47, 48, 313, 314, 336, 372
• Siemens shuttle armature, the, 282
• Silencer, the (petrol engine), 118 et seq.
• Simms, Mr. F. R., holder of the Daimler patents in Great Britain, 22; Vice-chairman of the Automobile Club, 385
• Singer motor bicycle, the, with Simms-Bosch magneto ignition, 315, 316
• Sirdar solid tyre, the, 241
• Skylights for motor-houses, 84, 85
• Solid tyres, 49, 240-242; punctures in, 372. See Tyres
• Sparking plug in petrol engines, 148, 150; in motor cycles, 319
• Speed, 388; regulations concerning, 413
• Sprag, use of the, 332
• Spray-type automatic carburetters for motor bicycles, 319
• Squire and Macerone steam coach, 5
• Stables for motors, 83; requisites, 83; means for examining machinery, 83; construction, 84 et seq.; skylight, 84, 85; doors, 85; floor, walls, and roof, 85; the pit, 85, 87; advantages of separate houses, 86; the wall shelves and brackets, 86; accommodation of repairing tools, 86, 91; plans of Broomhill houses, 87-90; lighting apparatus, 87; storage of benzine and petroleum, 90, 99; carriage-lifting contrivance, 91; duplicate special tools, 91; ventilation, 91; warming, 92; precautions against fire, 92; cleaning and painting motors, 93, 94, 95; preservation of pneumatics, 94; carriage jacks, 94; care of the clutch, 95; rain-covers, 95; the thermometer, 96; guarding against frost, 96; hot-water system, 96; province of the stable attendant, 96, 97; grinding valves, 97, 98; booking and gauging benzine, 98; repairs and rectification of faults in motors, 98; preparation for the road, 99; Broomhill benzine storehouse, 99, 100, 101; Mr. Evelyn Ellis's motor-car house, 101, 102
• Steam cars, main essentials of propelling apparatus, 243; paraffin and petrol as fuel for heating boiler, 243; the Bunsen principle, 243; petrol burners, 244; the Locomobile arrangement, 244, 245; the Weston, Milwaukee, and Reading systems, 246; vaporising the fuel, 246; starting the burner, 246-248; automatic fire regulator, 248; paraffin burners, 249-252; Clarkson's paraffin burner, 249; Syndicate vaporiser and Serpollet burner, 252; generation of steam in the boiler, 252; steam at high pressure, 252; the Locomobile boiler, 253255; water-tube boiler, 255; Toledo boiler, 255; principle of the flash boiler, 255; Serpollet generator and burner, 256; use and manipulation of pumps, 257, 258; Serpollet water and oil pumps, 259, 260; cams, 260; water and pressure gauges, 261; description of the engine and its work, 262; action of the slide-valve, 264-268; piston, steam, and exhaust ports, 263-266; link motion, 266, 268; 'notching up,' 267; the Reading engine, 268; compound engines, 268; House engine, 270; Serpollet engine, 270; piston rings, 271; stuffing boxes, 271, 272; condensers, 271; the Clarkson condenser, 272; oil-separator and water-filter, 272; water-lifter, 273; main advantages of steam vehicles, 273; art of driving, 274, 275
• Sternoline belt dressing, 196 Stone, Mr., steam carriage of, 4, 5
• Sturmey, Mr., starts 'The Autocar' (1895), 23; his brake confession, 370
• Summers, Mr., steam carriage of, 4
• Syndicate vaporiser for burners of steam cars, 252

 

• Terms used in automobilism, in English, French, and German, 418-438
• Test (or Broomfield) Mill, Richmond Park, as a hillclimbing test for motors, 6062
• Thomas motor bicycle, the, 315
• Thompson, Sir Henry, on the relationship between motor-owners and horse-owners, 359
• Tonneau, the, 55
• Torque, 281, 298
• Tour de France race, 403
• Touring Club of France, the, 12
• Trembler, the, 155, 156
• Trials and races in motor cars, 402-408
• Tube ignition in petrol engines, 138
• Tyres, pneumatic, on motors, Michelin et Cie's, 20, 45, 49; mixed, 45; safety, 48; superiority to the solid for motor work, 225; introduction of the Clipper-Michelin, 226; choice of a tyre, 226; covers, 226; repairs, 227; the Michelin necessaire de voiture, 227; dealing with a puncture, 228; to remove the tube, 228-231; repairing the puncture, 231; repairing the cover, 232; replacing the tube, 232; replacing the cover, 233; changing and replacing a cover, 235; treating bursts, 235; general hints respecting, 235-237; the Collier, 237; the Goodyear, 238; the New York, 238; non-slipping, 239; the Callus, 49, 239; the Falconnet, 239; the Wilkinson, 240; solid, 240; types of solid in use, 241

 

• Utility of motor vehicles, 25; electric and steam cars, 26; in town, 26; for station work, 27, 28, 29; in country life, 28, 29, 51; for hunting work, 29, 30; in Scotland, 31; for fishing and shooting, 31-33; household purposes, 33; farming and estate work, 34-36; transporting farm produce to London or market towns, 34, 35; in Post Office work, 36

 

• Vanderbilt, Mr., 11
• Vaporising fuel for burners of steam cars, 246
• Varennes, M., 12
• Veils for ladies motoring, 70, 80
• Veloce Club e Club Automobilisti d'ltalia, headquarters, officers, &c., 394
• Ventilation of motor-houses, 91
• Versailles-Bordeaux race (1899), 20
• Victoria steam carriage, the,
• Voiturettes, wheels for, 222
• Voltmeters, 146, 300, 305

 

• Wallace, Mr. Roger W. (chairman of the Automobile Club), 385
• Warming motor carriages, 54; motor-houses, 92
• Waste, for cleaning motors, 93
• Water gauges for boilers of steam cars, 261
• Water-lifter, steam, 273
• Welbeck Park, trial of brake-power at (1902), 388, 405, 406
• Werner motor bicycle, the, 313, 315, 318
• Westminster Tramways Bill, cited, Weston burner for steam cars, 246; apparatus for starting the burner, 246, 247; steam water-lifter, 273
• White, Mr. Graham, his accident through brake failure, 219; pluck on the Thousand Miles run, 373
• Wilkinson non-slipping tyre, the, 240
• Wolseley car axles, 212
• Workmen's Compensation Acts (1897, 1900), cited, 381
• Wulfmuller motor bicycle, the, 313

 

• Zuylen de Nyevelt de Haar, Baron de, his 20 horse-power Panhard and Levassor car, in Paris-Berlin race (1901), 47; 390

 

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