0 O N G R E V E —C ONNECTICUT and lay pastors, 227 ; lay preachers, 5185. In comparing these figures with those for the preceding year, which are given in the body of this article, it must be borne in mind that in 1901 “99 churches in England and Wales have not made returns, and are not included in this summary,” whereas in 1900 no less than 417 churches, including mission stations, were omitted; so that the figures for 1901 mark, if anything, a slight decline. The bulk of the foreign mission work of the British Congregationalists is done through the agency of the London Missionary Society. This society, although originally founded on an unsectarian basis by members of various denominations (including Churchmen), has become more and more closely connected with the Congregationalists, as other bodies came to have denominational societies of their own. In fact, at the present day the L. M. S. is “ mainly dependent both for its missionaries and for its funds upon Congregationalists ” ; and a special responsibility for the society was formally recognized by the Congregational Union at the meeting held at Hull in the autumn of 1889. (g. P. F.) Congreve, Richard (1818-1899), English Positivist, was born at Leamington, 4th September 1818, and was educated at Rugby under Dr Arnold, who is said to have expressed a higher opinion of him than of any other pupil. After taking first-class honours at Oxford and gaining a fellowship at Wadham, he spent some time as a master at Rugby, but returned to Oxford as a tutor, and there published a small work on the history of the Roman Empire of the West, and an annotated edition of Aristotle’s Politics. About 1857 the attachment which he had conceived to the Positivist philosophy of Comte induced him to resign his fellowship, and the remainder of his life was devoted to the propagation of the Positive Philosophy. Unlike Mr Frederic Harrison, Professor Beesly, and Dr Bridges, he accepted Comte’s teaching in its totality,—the worship and ritual, and the general philosophy,—and a split in the ranks of English Positivism was the result, Mr Harrison and his school setting up at Newton Hall on more independent lines than those of the complete surrender to Comte which Congreve inculcated. He translated several of Comte’s works, and in 1874 published a large volume of essays, in which Comte’s views as to the duty of Great Britain towards her foreign possessions, which usually consisted in renouncing them, were advocated with solemn earnestness, but without carrying conviction. In private life Mr Congreve was the most amiable and urbane of men. He died at Hampstead on the 5th of July 1899. Conjeeveram, or Kanchipur, a town of British India, in the Chingleput district of Madras, 46 miles south-west of Madras by rail. Population (1881), 37,275; (1891), 42,548; (1901), 46,140, showing an increase of 8 per cent. The municipal income in 1897-98 was Rs.48,000. It has two high schools, two printingpresses, and several literary institutions. Conjuring. See Magic. Conkling, Roscoe (1829-1888), American senator and lawyer, was born in Albany, N.Y., on the 30th of October 1829. He was admitted to the Bar in 1850, and in 1858 was elected as a republican representative in Congress. Except during the years 1863 and 1864 he remained in the House until 1867, when he was chosen for the Senate. His abilities, aggressive leadership, and a haughty bearing always attracted much attention. In the republican national convention of 1876 he was a candidate for nomination for the Presidency. In 1881 he resigned his senatorship and sought re-election by the state legislature as a personal vindication, because President Garfield, without consulting him, had appointed a political opponent as collector of the port of New York. Being unsuccessful, he took up the practice of law in New York City, and appeared in some very important cases. He died in New York City, 18th April 1888.
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Connaught, H R.H. Arthur William Patrick Albert, Duke of, (1850 ), third son and seventh child of Queen Victoria, was born at Buckingham Palace on 1st May 1850. Being destined for the army, the young prince was entered at the Royal Military College, Woolwich, in 1866. He received his commission on the 19th June 1868, being gazetted to the Royal Engineers. In the following November he was transferred to the Royal Artillery, and on the 3rd August 1869 to the Rifle Brigade. He got his company in 1871, and changed to the 7th Hussars in 1874 ; was promoted major in 1875, and returned to the Rifle Brigade as lieutenant-colonel in September 1876. He was promoted colonel and major-general in 1880, lieutenant-general in 1889, and general in 1893. He accompanied the expeditionary force to Egypt in 1882, and commanded the Brigade of Guards at the battle of Tel-el-Kebir (medal and clasp); he was mentioned three times in despatches, received the C.B., and was thanked by Parliament. In 1886 the duke went to India and commanded the Bombay army until 1890, when he returned home and was appointed to the command of the Southern District from 1890 to 1893, and to that of Aldershot from 1893 to 1898. On the departure of Lord Roberts for South Africa, the duke succeeded him as Commander-in-Chief of the forces in Ireland, 9th January 1900; and in 1901 was given the command of the Third Army Corps. On attaining his majority in 1871, an annuity of £15,000 was granted to Prince Arthur by Parliament, and in 1874 he was created Duke of Connaught and Strathearn and Earl of Sussex. On 13th March 1879 he married H.R.H. Princess Louise Marguerite of Prussia, third daughter of Prince Frederick Charles, and received an additional annuity of £10,000. The marriage at Windsor Castle was the most magnificent that had taken place there since the wedding of the Princess Royal in 1858. The Duke and Duchess represented Queen Victoria at the coronation of the Czar Nicholas II. at Moscow, in May 1896, when eight-andtwenty foreign princes were present. ConnecLlit, a village of Ashtabula county, Ohio, U.S.A., on the shore of Lake Erie, on three railways. It has a good harbour and is a shipping-point of some importance. It was the first settlement in the Western Reserve. Population (1890), 3241; (1900), 7133. Connecticut.—One of the New England States of the American Union, with a land area (according to the Census Bulletin) of 4845 square miles, or of 5004 according to the official survey of 1893. The highest land is the summit of Bear Mount in Salisbury, Litchfield county, 2355 feet above the mean high tide point at the sea. The highest elevation reached by any railway in the State is 1335 feet, about two miles east of Norfolk. According to the official survey (1893), 38^ per cent, of the State was in woodland. Population (1870), 537,454; (1880), 622,700; (1890), 746,258; (1900), 908,420. Of the total population in 1900, 454,294 were males and 454,126 females; 238,210 were foreign-born and 15,996 coloured (including 15,226 negroes, 599 Chinese, 18 Japanese, and 153 Indians). Out of 280,340 adult males 18,984 were illiterate; 16,696 of these being foreign-born. The deathrate in 1900 was 17 per thousand; (1890), IS'O. The average number of persons to the square mile in 1900 was 187'4. The State contains 24 incorporated cities or boroughs, with a population of over 5000 and with an aggregate population of 532,123. These figures show that 58'58 per cent, of the total population was urban. There were 5 cities with a population of 25,000 or over, namely, New Haven, Hartford, Bridgeport, Waterbury, and New Britain. The General Assembly (Senate and House) is elected S. III.— 27
